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  1. Home
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Earth Transformed by William F. Ruddiman - First Edition, 2014 from Macmillan Student Store
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Earth Transformed

First Edition| ©2014 William F. Ruddiman

It's a question that has engaged climate scientists for more than a decade: Not if human activity impacts the environment, but when did that impact start to be significant? Was it in the mid-18th century, as long believed, with the Industrial Revolution producing huge amounts in greenh...
It's a question that has engaged climate scientists for more than a decade: Not if human activity impacts the environment, but when did that impact start to be significant? Was it in the mid-18th century, as long believed, with the Industrial Revolution producing huge amounts in greenhouse gas emissions? Or did it actually begin thousands of years earlier, as a result of the discovery and spread of agricultural practices?
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Earth Transformed by William F. Ruddiman - First Edition, 2014 from Macmillan Student Store

It's a question that has engaged climate scientists for more than a decade: Not if human activity impacts the environment, but when did that impact start to be significant? Was it in the mid-18th century, as long believed, with the Industrial Revolution producing huge amounts in greenhouse gas emissions? Or did it actually begin thousands of years earlier, as a result of the discovery and spread of agricultural practices?

Features

Brief, Adaptable
Earth Transformed is concise enough for a single-term course. Instructors can focus on Parts 1-4 covering the major issues and explanations of greenhouse gas trends, or continue into coverage of more controversial aspects of the book


Accessible
Ruddiman makes the science behind contested climate change issues understandable and fascinating for the non-scientist. It can be used in courses taught to humanities students satisfying a science requirement. It builds from simplicity toward moderate complexity in a step-by-step way. Any student majoring in English or history should have no problem learning this material! A full glossary helps students with the field


Focus on the Process of Science
Throughout, Ruddiman continually focuses readers on the way experts gather evidence and make conclusions based on rigorously adhering to the scientific method.

New to This Edition

Earth Transformed by William F. Ruddiman - First Edition, 2014 from Macmillan Student Store

Earth Transformed

First Edition| ©2014

William F. Ruddiman

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Earth Transformed by William F. Ruddiman - First Edition, 2014 from Macmillan Student Store

Earth Transformed

First Edition| 2014

William F. Ruddiman

Table of Contents

Prologue Did Civilization Develop in a Naturally Warm World?

PART 1 A Mystery: Wrong-Way Greenhouse-Gas Trends
1. Natures Climatic Cycles
2. Wrong-Way Methane Trend
3. Wrong-Way Carbon Dioxide Trend

PART 2 Early Agriculture: Answer to the CO2 and CH4 Mysteries?
4. The Fertile Crescent and Europe
5. China and Southern Asia
6. The Americas
7. Africa, Australia, and Oceania

PART 3 Debating a New Hypothesis
8. Early Farming and Per Capita Land Use
9. How Should Interglacial Gas Trends Be Compared?
10. Natural Versus Anthropogenic CH4 Sources: Closer Scrutiny
11. Natural Versus Anthropogenic CO2 Sources: Closer Scrutiny

PART 4 How Science Moves Forward
12. Falsification
13. Paradigm Shifts
14. An Emerging Paradigm for the Anthropogenic Era?

PART 5 Early Human Effects on Climate
15. Is the Next Glaciation Overdue?
16. Other Climatic Effects of Early Land Clearance
17. The End of Northern Hemisphere Glaciations

PART 6 Small Steps Back Toward an Ice Age
18. The Little Ice Age
19. Were the Drops in CO2 and CH4 Natural?
20. Mass Human Mortality and CO2 Decreases
21. Effects of Humans on Short-Term Greenhouse-Gas Reductions

Epilogue
Glossary
Index
Earth Transformed by William F. Ruddiman - First Edition, 2014 from Macmillan Student Store

Earth Transformed

First Edition| 2014

William F. Ruddiman

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Authors

William F. Ruddiman

William F.  Ruddiman was initially trained as a marine geologist. His subsequent work over many years has explored several different aspects of the field of paleoclimate. His earliest research was on orbital-scale changes in North Atlantic sediments to reconstruct past sea-surface temperatures and to quantify the deposition of ice-rafted debris. He also studied the way that vertical mixing by sea-floor organisms smoothes deep-sea climatic records. Later, his interests turned to the cause of long-term cooling over the last 50 million years. This research led to a new hypothesis that uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has been a major driver of that cooling, with Maureen Raymo's work on chemical weathering a central part of that hypothesis. That research also demonstrated that Tibetan uplift created much of the seasonally alternating monsoon climate that dominates eastern Asia today. Since entering 'semi-retirement' in 2001, Ruddiman's research has concentrated on the climatic role farmers played during the last several thousand years by clearing land, raising livestock, and irrigating rice padis. This research produced the 'early anthropogenic hypothesis' --- the idea that early agriculturalists caused an anomalous reversal in natural declines of atmospheric CO2 7000 years ago and CH4 5000 years ago. His research on this issue has been NSF-funded for several years. Because this hypothesis has been very controversial, it has provoked many studies seeking ways to test it.

Earth Transformed by William F. Ruddiman - First Edition, 2014 from Macmillan Student Store

Earth Transformed

First Edition| 2014

William F. Ruddiman

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