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Table of Contents

1. Measuring Matter and Energy
1.1 Matter and Energy
1.2 Metric and English Units
1.3 Significant Figures in Measurements
1.4 Dimensional Analysis and Unit Conversion

2. Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation
2.1 Elements and the Structure of the Atom
2.2 The Periodic Table of Elements
2.3 Electrons
2.4 Ions
2.5 Radioisotopes and Nuclear Radiation

3. Compounds and Molecules
3.1 Ionic Compounds
3.2 Covalent Compounds
3.3 Shapes of Covalent Molecules
3.4 Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules
3.5 Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

4. Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities
4.1 The Mole: Counting and Weighing Matter
4.2 Writing and Balancing a Chemical Equation
4.3 Energy and Chemical Reactions
4.4 Reaction Kinetics
4.5 Chemical Equilibrium

5. Changes of State and the Gas Laws
5.1 Changes of State
5.2 The Gas Laws
5.3 Gas Mixtures and Partial Pressure

6. Hydrocarbons
6.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbons
6.2 Structure of Alkanes
6.3 Writing Alkane Structures
6.4 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Alkenes and Alkynes
6.5 Naming Hydrocarbons
6.6 Aromatic Hydrocarbons

7. Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules
7.1 Alcohols and Ethers
7.2 Amines
7.3 Carbonyl Containing Functional Groups
7.4 Stereoisomers
7.5 Phosphate Ester Functional Groups

8. Mixtures, Solution Concentrations, and Diffusion
8.1 Mixtures and Solutions
8.2 Solution Concentrations
8.3 Colloidal Dispersions and Suspensions
8.4 Diffusion of Solutes and Solvent through Membranes

9. Acids and Bases
9.1 Acids and Bases
9.2 pH
9.3 Buffers

10. The Reactions of Organic Functional Groups in Biochemistry
10.1 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
10.2 Group Transfer Reactions: Esterification and Amidation Reactions
10.3 Hydrolysis Reactions
10.4 Addition-Elimination Reactions involving Water: Hydration and Dehydration

11. Carbohydrates: Structure and Function
11.1 An Overview of Carbohydrates and their Function
11.2 The Structure of the Common Monosaccharides
11.3 The Structure of Complex Carbohydrates
11.4 The Role of Oligosaccharides as Cell Markers

12. Lipids: Structure and Function
12.1 Fatty Acids: A Component of Many Lipids
12.2 Triglycerides: Energy Storage Lipids
12.3 Phospholipid and Glycolipid Membrane Lipids
12.4 Cholesterol, Steroids and Lipoproteins

13. Proteins: Structure and Function
13.1 Amino Acids
13.2 Peptides
13.3 Protein Architecture
13.4 Enzymes

14. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
14.1 The Chemical Structure of Nucleotide and Polynucleotides
14.2 DNA Structure and Replication
14.3 The Role of DNA and RNA in Protein Synthesis

15. Metabolism and Bioenergetics
15.1 Overview of Energy and Metabolism
15.2 Carbohydrate Catabolism
15.3 Fatty Acid Catabolism
15.4 The Citric Acid Cycle
15.5 Oxidative Phosphorylation

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