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Table of Contents

Chapter 16: The Acceleration of Global Contact, 1450–1600

16-1 The World as Europeans Knew it in 1502

World Map (1502)

16-2 Columbus Defends His Accomplishments

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, Letter from the Third Voyage (1493)

16-3 Spanish Ambitions in the New World

THEODORE DE BRY, Columbus at Hispaniola (ca. 1590)

16-4 Cross-Cultural Communications and Conquest

BERNAL DIAZ DEL CASTILLO, From The True History of the Conquest of New Spain (1568)

16-5 Scenes from the Spanish Conquest of Mexica

From The Florentine Codex (ca. 1577-1580)

17-1 An Ottoman Sultan Threatens the Shaw of Persia

SULTAN SELIM I, From a Letter to Shah Ismail of Persia (1514)

17-2 Akbar’s Court as Seen by a Portuguese Jesuit

ANTONIO MONSERRATE, From The Commentary of Father Monserrate: On Mughal India (ca. 1580)

17-3 A Mughal Emperor Plans a Persian Garden

Babur and His Architect Plan the Bagh-i-Wafa (ca. 1590)

17-4 A Capital Fit for an Emperor

TULSI THE ELDER AND MADHU THE YOUNGER, Akbar Inspects the Construction of

Fatehpur-Sikri (ca. 1590-1598)

17-5 A Mughul Emperor Describes His Life and Rule

NURUDDIN SALIM JAHANGIR, From the Memoirs of Jahangir (ca. 1580–1600)

18-1 God’s Lieutenants on Earth

JACQUES-BENIGNE BOSSUET, On Divine Right (ca. 1675–1680)

18-2 Government and the State of Nature

JOHN LOCKE, From Two Treatises of Government: Of the Ends of Political Society and Government (1690)

18-3 The English Parliament Asserts its Authority

The Bill of Rights (1689)

18-4 A Courtier Sketches the Character of a King

DUC DE SAINT-SIMON, From Memoirs of Louis XIV: On the Early Life of Louis XIV (ca. 1730–1755)

18-5 Catherine the Great Augments the Power of Estate Owners

CATHERINE II OF RUSSIA, Two Decrees (1762, 1765)

19-1 Science in the Service of Human Longevity

FRANCIS BACON, From The Great Restoration: History of Life and Death (1623)

19-2 Science in the Service of the State

PETER THE GREAT AND GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ, On the Improvement of Arts and Sciences in Russia (ca. 1712–1718)

19-3 Science Outside the West

Takyuddin and Other Astronomers at the Galata Observatory (ca. 1581)

19-4 Faith Without Dogma

VOLTAIRE, From Dictionnaire Philosophique: "Theist" (1764)

19-5 Kant Challenges His Society to Embrace Reason

IMMANUEL KANT, What is Enlightenment? (1784)

20-1 A Dutch View of an African King

OLFERT DAPPER, King Alvaro I of Kongo Receiving the Dutch Ambassadors (1668)

20-2 West African Dependence on the Slave Trade

OSEI BONSU, An Asante King Questions British Motives in Ending the Slave Trade (1820)

20-3 An English Woman Defends the Slave Trade

ANNA MARIA FALCONBRIDGE, From Narrative of Two Voyages to the River Sierra Leone (1794)

20-4 The Terror of Capture and Enslavement

OLAUDAH EQUIANO, From The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano (1789)

20-5 Enslaved Africans March to the Sea

Transportation of Slaves in Africa (ca. 1800-1900)

21-1 The Growing British Presence in East Asia

The Viceroy of Canton Giving an Audience to Commodore Anson (1748)

21-2 A German Doctor Describes Eighteenth-Century Japan

ENGELBERT KAEMPFER, From History of Japan (1727)

21-3 Teaching Values to Japanese Children

KAIBARA EKIKEN AND KAIBARA TŌKEN, Common Sense Teachings for Japanese Children and Greater Learning for Women (ca. 1700)

21-4 Pleasure and Gender in Tokugawa Edo

TORII KIYONAGA, Women of the Gay Quarters (Late Eighteenth Century)

21-5 Chinese Gender Norms Turned Upside Down

LI RUZHEN (LI JU-CHEN), From Flowers in the Mirror (1827)

22-1 The National Assembly Presents a New Vision of Government

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)

22-2 A Female Author Revises the Declaration of the Rights of Man

OLYMPE DE GOUGES, From the Declaration of the Rights of Woman (1791)

22-3 Robespierre Justifies Terror as a Tool of Revolutionary Change

MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE, Revolutionary Speech (February 5, 1794)

22-4 A Former Slave Calls on France to Support the Cause of Freedom

FRANÇOIS DOMINIQUE TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE, Letter to the French National Assembly (1797)

22-5 Slaves into Citizens

The Haitian Declaration of Independence (1804)

23-1 Thomas Malthus Predicts Demographic Collapse

THOMAS ROBERT MALTHUS, From "An Essay on the Principle of Population" (1798)

23-2 A Mill Owner Describes the Human Costs of Industrialization

ROBERT OWEN, From Observations on the Effect of the Manufacturing System (1815)

23-3 Child Labor in Industrial Britain

SADLER COMMITTEE AND ASHLEY COMMISION, Testimonies Before Parliamentary Committees on Working Conditions in England (1832, 1842)

23-4 The British East India Company Battles for Control of the Subcontinent

An Incident During the Sikh Wars (ca. 1850)

23-5 Britain Forces the Ottoman Empire to Make Economic Concessions

The Treaty of Balta-Liman (August 16, 1838)

24-1 Marx and Engels Predict the Coming of a New Social Order

KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS, From The Communist Manifesto (1848)

24-2 Fichte Imagines a Future Germany

JOHANN GOTTLIEB FICHTE, Address to the German Nation (1808)

24-3 Nordau Calls on Jews to Forge Their Own Nation

MAX NORDAU, On Zionism (1905)

24-4 Embodying the French Nation

EUGÈNE DELACROIX, Liberty Leading the People (1830)

24-5 A Socialist Describes Her Own Political Journey

BEATRICE WEBB, From My Apprenticeship: Why I Became a Socialist (1926)

25-1 Ottoman Reform from the Top Down

SULTAN ABDUL MEJID, Imperial Rescript (1856)

25-2 Cecil Rhodes Dreams of Global Domination

CECIL RHODES, From Confession of Faith (ca. 1877)

25-3 A First-Hand Account of Imperial Conquest

NDANSI KUMALO, On the British Incursion in Zimbabwe (1932)

25-4 The Law as a Form of Resistance

JOHN MENSA SARBAH, Fanti Customary Law (1897)

25-5 The Brutality of Colonial Rule

ROGER CASEMENT AND DAVID ENGOHAHE, Victims of Belgian Congo Atrocities (ca. 1904-1905)

26-1 A Chinese Official Denounces the British Opium Trade

LIN ZEXU, From a Letter to Queen Victoria (1839)

26-2 The Boxers Declare War on the "Foreign Devils"

Two Proclamations of the Boxer Rebellion (1898, 1900)

26-3 Gandhi Rejects British "Civilization"

MOHANDAS GANDHI, "Indian Home Rule" (1909)

26-4 A British Officer Describes the Great Revolt of 1857

SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY LAWRENCE, Letter to Lieutenant-Governor J. Colvin (June 13, 1857)

26-5 Sun Yatsen Calls on China to Take its Rightful Place in the World

SUN YATSEN, On the Three People’s Principles and the Future of the Chinese People (1906)

27-1 Bolivar Identifies the Challenges Latin America Faces

SIMÓN BOLÍVAR, Jamaica Letter (1815)

27-2 War and the Military in American Democracies

ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE, From Democracy in America (1840)

27-3 Angelina Grimke Explains the Fundamental Principle of Abolitionism

ANGELINA GRIMKE, Letters to Catherine E. Beecher (1838)

27-4 A Slave Dealer Explains His Craft

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE, From Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

27-5 Expansion and Economic Development in Canada

Advertisement for Rail Travel to Canada (1900)

28-1 Life at Home and on the Battlefield

Correspondence of Evelyn and Fred Albright (1917)

28-2 War Brings Revolution to Russia

VLADIMIR ILYICH LENIN, All Power to the Soviets! (1917)

28-3 France, Britain, and the United States Remake the World

Les Trois Grands Ouvriers Du Monde Nouveau (February 1, 1919)

28-4 Germany Protests the Terms of Peace

GERMAN DELEGATION TO THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, On the Conditions of Peace (October 1919)

28-5 War and Peace from a Japanese Perspective

KONOE FUMIMARO, Against a Pacifism Centered on England and America (1918)

29-1 An Eyewitness to Genocide

MARY L. GRAFFAM, An Account of Turkish Violence Against Armenians (1915)

29-2 The British Government Supports a Jewish State in Palestine

ARTHUR JAMES BALFOUR, Debating the Balfour Declaration (1917)

29-3 An Indian Nationalist Condemns the British Government

SAROJINI NAIDU, The Agony and Shame of the Punjab (1920)

29-4 A Chinese Nationalist Offers a Recipe for Progress

JIANG JIESHI, The New Life Movement (1934)

29-5 The King of Siam Promotes Siamese Nationalism

KING VAJIRAVUDH, On the Siamese Nation (1914, 1917, 1920)

30-1 The U.S. Government Responds to Mass Unemployment

Field Office of the Works Progress Administration (ca. 1935)

30-2 Legislating Racial Purity

The Nuremberg Laws: The Centerpiece of Nazi Racial Legislation (1935)

30-3 The Place of Women in Stalin’s Soviet Union

Letters to Izvestiya: On the Issue of Abortion (1936)

30-4 Truman Describes the Creation and Use of Nuclear Weapons

HARRY S. TRUMAN, White House Press Release on Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)

30-5 The Impact of a Nuclear Weapon

TOSHIKO SAEKI, Interview with a Survivor of Hiroshima (1986)

31-1 The United Nations Calls for an End to the Age of Empires

UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY, Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (December 14, 1960)

31-2 A Poet Reflects on Economic Exploitation

PABLO NERUDA, From Canto General: "Standard Oil Co," and "United Fruit Co," (1950)

31-3 Truman Vows to Contain Communism

HARRY S. TRUMAN, The Truman Doctrine (March 12, 1947)

31-4 A Soviet Leader Repudiates Stalin

NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV, On the Personality Cult and its Consequences (1956)

31-5 Revolutionary Brothers in Arms

Erich Honecker and Fidel Castro (1974)

32-1 Remembering Argentina’s "Dirty War"

Museo de la Memoria, Cordoba, Argentina (ca. 2000)

32-2 The South African Government Justifies Apartheid

NATIONAL PARTY OF SOUTH AFRICA, The National Party’s Color Policy (March 29, 1948)

32-3 Mandela Explains the Need for Armed Struggle Against Apartheid

NELSON MANDELA, The Rivonia Trial Speech to the Court (April 20, 1964)

32-4 Deng Xiaoping Places China on a New Path

DENG XIAOPING, Build Socialism with Chinese Characteristics (June 30, 1984)

32-5 Building a Meaningful Life in Contemporary Japan

MALE JAPANESE CITIZENS, "Ikigai" (2003)

33-1 Defining and Defending Torture

JOHN YOO, Memoranda Regarding U.S. Military Interrogations (2002, 2003)

33-2 A Management Expert Explains How to Make Guest Workers Feel Welcome

GIACOMO MATURI, The Integration of the Southern Labor Force and its Specific Adaptation Problems (1961)

33-3 German Academics Take a Stand Against Immigration

Heidelberg Manifesto (1982)

33-4 Second Wave Feminists Define Their Objectives

BETTY FRIEDAN, Statement of Purpose of the National Organization for Women (1966)

33-5 Life at the Margins of the Modern City

JONAS BENDIKSEN, "New Settlement": A Slum in Caracas, Venezuela (ca. 2007)

Authors

Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks

Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks(Ph.D., University of Wisconsin–Madison) is Distinguished Professor of History, emerita, at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. She is the long-time Senior Editor of the Sixteenth Century Journal and the author or editor of more than thirty books, including A Concise History of the World. From 2017 to 2019 she served as the president of the World History Association.

Patricia Buckley Ebrey

Patricia B. Ebrey​ (Ph.D., Columbia University) is professor of history at the University of Washington in Seattle. Editor of the Journal of Chinese History, she is the author or editor of some twenty books, including The Cambridge Illustrated History of China and Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, as well as more specialized books on Song dynasty China. In 2014 she was awarded the American Historical Association’s Award for Scholarly Distinction and in 2020 the Association for Asian Studies Award for Outstanding Contributions to Asian Studies.

Roger B. Beck

Roger B. Beck (Ph.D., Indiana University) is Distinguished Professor of African and twentieth-century world history at Eastern Illinois University. His publications include The History of South Africa; a translation of P. J. van der Merwe’s The Migrant Farmer in the History of the Cape Colony, 1657–1842; and more than a hundred articles, book chapters, and reviews. In 2018 he received the Pioneer in World History award from the World History Association, its highest honor.

Jerry Davila

Jerry Dávila ​(Ph.D., Brown University) is Jorge Paulo Lemann Chair of Brazilian History and directs the Global Institute at the University of Illinois. He is the author of Dictatorship in South America; Hotel Trópico: Brazil and the Challenge of African Decolonization, winner of the Latin Studies Association Brazil Section Book Prize; and Diploma of  Whiteness: Race and Social Policy in Brazil, 1917–1945. He has served as president of the Conference on Latin American History.

Clare Haru Crowston

Clare Haru Crowston (Ph.D., Cornell University) teaches at the University of Illinois, where she is currently professor of history and department chair. She is the author of Credit, Fashion, Sex: Economies of Regard in Old Regime France and Fabricating Women: The Seamstresses of Old Regime France, 1675–1791, which won the Berkshire and Hagley Prizes. She edited two special issues of the Journal of Women’s History, has published numerous journal articles and reviews, and is a p

John P. McKay

John P. McKay (Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley) is professor emeritus at the University of Illinois. He has written or edited numerous works, including the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize-winning book Pioneers for Profit: Foreign Entrepreneurship and Russian Industrialization, 1885-1913.

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