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First Peoples
A Documentary Survey of American Indian HistoryFifth Edition| ©2016 Colin G. Calloway
Bedford Digital Collections for Native American History To give you more options for sources, we are offering five projects from the Bedford Digital Collections, bundled free with the purchase of a new text. This online repository of discovery-oriented projects offers both fresh and canonical sources ready to assign. Each curated project poses a historical question and guides students step by step through analysis of primary sources.
Featuring:
Pontiac’s War, 1763–1765
Eric Hinderaker, University of Utah
Building a Creek Nation: Reading the Letters of Alexander McGillivray
Kathleen DuVal, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
John P. Bowes, Eastern Kentucky University Sand Creek: Battle or Massacre?
Elliott West, University of Arkansas Fayetteville
The Laguna Pueblo Baseball Game Controversy of the 1920s
Flannery Burke, St. Louis University
Achieve Read & Practice is now available in dedicated version for this title. Students get the complete accessible, mobile e-book combined with the acclaimed LearningCurve adaptive quizzing—all for just $30 net to the bookstore.Achieve Read & Practice can also be packaged with any bound version of these titles for the price of the book alone—no additional cost.
Your First Choice for the Native American History Survey
First Peoples was Bedford/St. Martin’s first “docutext” – a textbook that features groups of primary source documents at the end of each chapter, essentially providing a reader in addition to the narrative textbook. Expertly authored by Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples has been praised for its inclusion of Native American sources and Calloway’s concerted effort to weave Native perspectives throughout the narrative. First Peoples’ distinctive approach continues to make it the bestselling and most highly acclaimed text for the American Indian history survey.
Bedford Digital Collections for Native American History
Featuring:
Pontiac’s War, 1763–1765
Eric Hinderaker, University of Utah
Building a Creek Nation: Reading the Letters of Alexander McGillivray
Kathleen DuVal, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
John P. Bowes, Eastern Kentucky University Sand Creek: Battle or Massacre?
Elliott West, University of Arkansas Fayetteville
The Laguna Pueblo Baseball Game Controversy of the 1920s
Flannery Burke, St. Louis University
Achieve Read & Practice is now available in dedicated version for this title. Students get the complete accessible, mobile e-book combined with the acclaimed LearningCurve adaptive quizzing—all for just $30 net to the bookstore.Achieve Read & Practice can also be packaged with any bound version of these titles for the price of the book alone—no additional cost.
Features
A variety of Native perspectives represents America’s many nations. Male and female Indian voices from across the continent animate the text with individual stories, vignettes, and quotations — connecting students to the real people behind the written history.
Strong pedagogy helps students absorb material and ask meaningful questions. Document headnotes provide context that facilitates a deeper understanding of the written source. Questions for Consideration accompanying the documents and picture essays encourage students to analyze both written and visual sources and connect them with the narrative. Chapter-opening timelines and focus questions serve as a handy reference and succinctly preview the chapter’s major themes, while chapter-ending lists of Suggested Readings encourage further study.
New to This Edition
More paired documents that “speak” to different sides of the same history. In the fifth edition Calloway presents varied and opposing perspectives of key issues and events in Native American history, including the English and the Penobscot views of the Casco Bay Treaty, Cherokee and white women’s opposition to removal, and both sides of the Native mascot controversy that persists in American professional sports.
Updated coverage of contemporary Indian Country. The new edition explores the Obama Administration’s relationship with Indian Country and the ongoing efforts of American Indians to have their culture and their sovereignty recognized by the United States.
Now available as a PDF e-book to save your students money. For the first time, First Peoples is available at half the cost of the print book and can be downloaded onto a student’s laptop or other device. The PDF e-book matches the print book page-for-page and is optimized for use on Windows or Mac computers, iPads, and large-screen Android tablets. For more information, visit macmillanhighered.com/ebookpartners.
“First Peoples treats one of the most difficult aspects of American history with directness and honesty in ways that preserve the agency of historic figures and peoples of the past and the present as well.”
—Michael Ward, California State University“Colin Calloway’s First Peoples is the first truly balanced study of Native American history that blends indigenous cultural information with the story of inter-tribal relations and Indian-European American relations.”
— Michael Tate, University of Nebraska at Omaha
First Peoples
Fifth Edition| ©2016
Colin G. Calloway
Digital Options
First Peoples
Fifth Edition| 2016
Colin G. Calloway
Table of Contents
PrefaceMaps, Tables, and Charts
Introduction: American Indians in American History
Perspectives on the Past
America’s Master Narrative
Indian History: A Shared Past
Working with Sources
A Note on Name Usage and Geographic Focus
References Chapter 1: American History before Columbus
Determining What Came Before
Precontact Population
Creation Stories and Migration Theories
Debates over Native Origins
Glimpses of Precontact Societies
West Coast Affluence
Columbia Plateau Fishers
Great Basin Foragers
First Buffalo Hunters of the Plains
First Farmers of the Southwest
Farmers and Mound Builders of the Eastern Woodlands
Emerging Tribes and Confederacies
Seaborne Strangers DOCUMENTS
A Navajo Emergence Story and an Iroquois Creation Story
Hastin Tlo’tsi hee, The Beginning
John Norton, Iroquois Creation Story (c. 1816)
The Iroquois Great League of Peace
Chiefs of the Six Nations, The Laws of the Confederacy (1900) PICTURE ESSAY: Early American Cities, Settlements, and Centers
The Ruins of Pueblo Bonito
Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde
Cahokia Mounds, c. A.D. 1150-1200
John White, Indian Village of Secoton (1585)
Iroquois Longhouse References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 2: The Invasions of America, 1492-1680
First Contacts and Mutual Appraisals
Native America through the European Lens
Enduring Images
Columbian Exchanges
Changing New World Landscapes
Biological Catastrophes
Indians Confront the Spanish
A Mission for Gold and God
Conquest of the Aztecs
Searching for Other Empires
North American Attempts to Colonize and Christianize
The Pueblo War of Independence
Indians Confront the French
Commerce and Conflict
Pelts and Priests
Indians Confront the English
Securing a Beachhead in Virginia
Making a New England
King Philip’s War DOCUMENTS
Cooperation, Contagion, and Conflict
William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation
A Jesuit Assesses the Hurons and a Mi’kmaq Assesses the French
Jean de Brébeuf, The Mission to the Hurons (1635-37)
Chrestien LeClerq, A Mi’kmaq Questions French “Civilization” (1677)
Two Indian Wars of Independence
John Easton, Metacomet Explains the Causes of “King Philip’s War,” from A Relacion of the Indyan Warre (1675)
Declaration of the Indian Juan (1681) PICTURE ESSAY: Images of Invasion
William Powell, The Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto in 1541 (1853)
Spaniards on Horseback
Wampum Belt, Made by Lenni Lenape (Delaware) Indian People, Pennsylvania
Haida Carving of a Missionary, c. 1820-60
Homeland Security: Fighting Terrorism since 1492
References
Suggested Readings Chapter 3: Indians in Colonial Worlds, 1680-1763
Economic and Cultural Exchanges
Indians in Colonial Societies
Colonists in Indian Societies
Fur Trades and Slave Trades
The Impact of the Fur Trade
The Cost of the Fur Trade
Indian Slavery
Diplomacy in Colonial America
The Language and Lessons of Diplomacy
Attempts at Diplomatic Balance
Wars for America
A World Transformed by War
The French and English War
Division within Tribal Communities
Captives Taken, Captives Returned
Responses to Change in the West: Indian Power on the Plains
Horses Transform the Plains
Jostling for Position on the Plains
At the Confluence of Guns and Horses
War and Diplomacy on the Southern Plains
DOCUMENTS
An English Treaty and a Penobscot Response
Treaty between the Abenaki Indians and the English at Casco Bay (1727)
Loron Sauguaarum, An Account of Negotiations Leading to the Casco Bay Treaty (1727)
Indian Foreign Policies and Imperial Rivalries
Ateawaneto, Speech Defying the English (1752)
Christian Frederick Post, Negotiations with the Delawares (1758)
A Captive with the Senecas
Mary Jemison (Dickewamis), A Narrative of Her Life (1824)
PICTURE ESSAY: Atlantic Travelers: Indians in Eighteenth-Century London
John Verelst, Tac Yec Neen Ho Gar Ton (Hendrick, “Emperor of the Six Nations”) (1701)
Isaac Basire, Seven Cherokees (1730)
William Verelst, Creek Delegation Meets the Trustees of Georgia (1734)
Francis Parsons, Cunne Shote (1762)
Jonathan Spilsbury, after Mason Chamberlain, The Reverend Mr. Samson Occom (1768)
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 4: Revolutions East and West, 1763-1800
Worlds Turned Upside Down
Pontiac’s War: Indians Confront a New Empire
Attempting to Draw a Line
Indians and the American Revolution
Indian Loyalties Divided
Treaties of Peace and Conquest
Indians Confront an Expanding Nation
The United States Develops an Indian – and a Land – Policy
Indians Build a United Defense
Upheavals in the West
Emerging and Colliding Powers on the Plains
California Missions
The Pacific Northwest Pelt Rush
Smallpox Used Them Up
DOCUMENTS
The Revolution Divides the Iroquois and the Cherokees
An Oneida Declaration of Neutrality (1775)
Henry Stuart, Report from Cherokee Country (1776)
An Indian Solution to the Conflict over Indian Lands
Western Indians, Message to the Commissioners of the United States (1793)
PICTURE ESSAY: Northwest Coast Indians on the Brink: The Drawings of John Webber
John Webber, A View in Ship Cove, Nootka Sound (1778)
John Webber, Interior of Habitation at Nootka Sound (1778)
John Webber, A Woman of Nootka Sound (1778)
John Webber, A Man of Nootka Sound (1778)
John Webber, A Woman of Prince William’s Island (1778)
John Webber, A Man of Oonalashka (1778)
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 5: American Indians and the New Nation, 1800-1840
Accommodating and Resisting Change
Adapting to New Ways
The Last Phases of United Indian Resistance
Lewis and Clark in Indian Country
Encounters on the Missouri
Over the Mountains and Back
Indian Removals
Roots of the Removal Policy
The Cherokee Resistance
Implementing Removal in the South
Removal in the North
Surviving behind the Frontier: Race, Class, and History in Nineteenth-Century New England
DOCUMENTS
A Double Homicide at Two Medicine
Meriwether Lewis, An Account of His Fight with the Blackfeet (1806)
Cherokee and White Women Oppose Removal
Cherokee Women, Petition (May 2, 1817)
Cherokee Women, Petition (June 30, 1818)
Petition from the Women of Steubenville, Ohio (1830)
Foundations of Federal Indian Law and a Native Response
John Marshall, Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia (1831) and Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
John Ross, Reactions to Worcester v. Georgia: Letter to Richard Taylor, John Baldridge, Sleeping Rabbit, Sicketowee, and Wahachee (April 28, 1832)
PICTURE ESSAY: Indian Life on the Upper Missouri: A Catlin/Bodmer Portfolio
Karl Bodmer, The Interior of the Hut of a Mandan Chief
Diagram of the Interior of an Earth Lodge
George Catlin, Mint, a Pretty Girl
Karl Bodmer, Pehriska-Ruhpa, Moennitarri Warrior, in the Costume of the Dog Dance
George Catlin, Pigeon’s Egg Head (The Light) Going to and Returning from Washington
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 6: Defending the West, 1840-1890
Invaders from the East: Incursions before the American Civil War
The Ravages of Disease
Ethnic Cleansing in Texas, c. 1836-48
American Empire Reaches the Pacific Northwest, 1846-56
Genocide and Exploitation in California
Opening Clashes on the Plains
Wars and Treaties, 1861-74
Indian Experiences during the American Civil War
Final Treaties and Ongoing Conflicts, 1866-74
Land Seizure and Removal to Reservations
Battles for Sacred Lands and Homelands, 1875-78
The End of Apache Resistance
Different Strategies for Survival
Indian Scouts and Allies
Return of the Prophets
DOCUMENTS
Sixty Years of Kiowa History
The Dohasan Calendar (1832-92)
The Sioux, the Treaty of Fort Laramie, and the Black Hills
Iron Shell, Brulé Sioux, “We want you to take away the forts from the country.” (April 28, 1868)
Treaty with the Sioux – Brulé, Oglala, Miniconjou, Yanktonai, Hunkpapa, Blackfeet, Cuthead, Two Kettle, Sans Arcs, and Santee – and Arapaho (1868)
Chief Joseph’s Plea for Freedom
Chief Joseph, An Indian’s View of Indian Affairs (1879)
PICTURE ESSAY: The Battle of the Little Bighorn in Myth and History
William Cary, The Death Struggle of General Custer (1876)
Custer’s Last Stand (1904)
Little Big Man (1970)
Lakotas Fighting Custer’s Command
Indian Memorial at Little Bighorn
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 7: “Kill the Indian and Save the Man,” 1870s-1920s
Americanizing the American Indian
Policies of Detribalization
Resistance Takes New Forms
The Dawes Allotment Act (1887)
Indian Territory Becomes Oklahoma
The Educational Assault on Indian Children
Removing Children from the Tribe
Life in the Schools
Surviving the Schools, Using the Education
The Two Worlds of Ohiyesa and Charles Eastman
Native Americans Enter the Twentieth Century
“I Still Live”: Indians in American Society
Cultural Expression and the American Way
A New Generation of Leaders
Soldiers and Citizens
Indian Affairs on the Eve of the Great Depression
DOCUMENTS
A Reformer Views “the Indian Problem” and an Indian Reformer Views the Indian Bureau
Merrill E. Gates, From the Seventeenth Annual Report of the Board of Indian Commissioners (1885)
Carlos Montezuma, What Indians Must Do (1914)
Two Sioux School Experiences
Luther Standing Bear, What a School Could Have Been Established (1933)
Zitkala-Ša, The Melancholy of Those Black Days (1921)
PICTURE ESSAY: The Fort Marion Artists
Howling Wolf, Cheyenne Warrior Striking and Enemy
Courtship Scene
Paul Caryl Zotom, On the Parapet of Ft. Marion Next Day after Arrival (c. 1875)
Distribution of Goods
Chief Killer, Education of the Fort Marion Prisoners (1875-78)
Wohaw, Self-Portrait, c. 1876-77
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 8: From the Great Crash to Alcatraz, 1929-1969
A New Era in Indian Affairs?
John Collier and the Indian New Deal
The Indian Reorganization Act
Opposing and Disputing the IRA
Indians and World War II
Termination
The Indian Claims Commission
Removing the Government’s Trust Responsibilities
Relocation and Urban Indians
Drowning Homelands
A Younger Generation Responds
Upheaval in America
The Rise of Indian Militancy
DOCUMENTS
Two Views of the Indian Reorganization Act
John Collier, An “Indian Renaissance,” from the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs (1935)
Robert Burnette and John Koster, A Blueprint for Elected Tyranny (1974)
Indians in the Cities
Ignatia Broker, Brought to a Brotherhood (1983)
Documents of Indian Militancy
Clyde Warrior, “We Are Not Free”: From Testimony before the President’s National Advisory Commission on Rural Poverty (1967)
Indians of All Tribes, Proclamation to the Great White Father and to All His People (1969)
PICTURE ESSAY: Indians and World War II
Banning the Swastika
Iroquois Declare War on the Axis Powers on the Steps of the U.S. Capitol, June 1942
Indian Women in the Marine Corps Reserve
Navajo Code Talkers, December 1943
Flag Raising at Iwo Jima
Quincy Tahoma, First Furlough (1943)
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 9: Self-Determination and Sovereignty, 1970-2010
New Policies, New Militancy
The American Indian Movement
Siege at Wounded Knee
Legacies of Wounded Knee
From Paternalism to Partnership
Protecting Women’s Reproductive Rights
Regaining Rights: Child Welfare and Religious Freedom
Taking Back Education
Indian Education for Indian Students
Tribal Colleges
The Struggle for Natural Resources
Coal, Uranium, and Oil
Fighting For and Against Water
Sovereignty Goes to Court
Victories for Tribal Rights
Chipping Away at Tribal Sovereignty
A New Era in Washington?
Changes at the BIA
Repatriation and a New Museum
A New Embassy and a New “White Father”
DOCUMENTS
A Woman’s View from Wounded Knee
Mary Crow Dog, I Would Have My Baby at Wounded Knee (1991)
The Supreme Court and Tribal Sovereignty: The Oliphant Decision and Its Impact in Indian Country
Supreme Court of the United States, Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe (1978)
N. Bruce Duthu, Broken Justice in Indian Country (2008)
Indian Leadership at the End of the Twentieth Century
Vine Deloria Jr., The Popularity of Being Indian: A New Trend in Contemporary American Society (1984)
Wilma Mankiller, Returning the Balance (1993)
PICTURE ESSAY: Indian Artists Depict Modern Indian Life
David P. Bradley, Indian Country Today (1997)
Harry Fonseca, Coyote Woman in the City (1979)
Peter Jones, Sovereign Indian
Jack Malotte, It’s Hard to Be Traditional When You’re All Plugged In
Bunky Echo-Hawk, Before Here Was Here
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 10: Nations within a Nation: Indian Country Today
A Twenty-First-Century Renaissance
The Census: An Evolving Profile of Indian America
Who Is an Indian?
“Recognized” and “Nonrecognized” Tribes
Old Stereotypes and New Images
Self-Rule and Self-Help
Nations, Not Minorities
Third Sovereigns, Triple Citizens, and Tribal Justice
Building Prosperity in Indian Country
Economic Success through Sovereignty
Gaming: A Devil’s Bargain?
Homelands or Wastelands
Nuclear Waste in Indian Country
The Earth Hurts
Global Warming and New Partnerships
Building Well Nations
Confronting Drugs and Alcohol
Balancing Ways of Healing
Restoring Safety to Native Women
The Welfare of Indian Children
Revitalizing Nations: Preserving Language and Culture
DOCUMENTS
Playing Indian and Fighting Mascots
Suzan Shown Harjo, Washington “Redskins” Is a Racist Name: U.S. Pro Football Must Disavow It (January 2013)
Dan Snyder, Letter to Washington Redskins Fans (October 2013)
U.S.-Indian Relations on a World Stage
General Assembly of the United Nations, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (September 13, 2007)
PICTURE ESSAY: Tribal Sovereignty in Action
Pawnee Nation Flag
Tlingit Tribal Assembly
Tribal Police
Navajo Supreme Court
Language Immersion Program
Tipis on the Mall
References
Suggested Readings
INDEX
Authors
Colin G. Calloway
Bedford/St.Martin's
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First Peoples
Fifth Edition| 2016
Colin G. Calloway
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