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Reflections
Patterns for Reading and WritingSecond Edition| ©2017 Kathleen T. McWhorter
This innovative modes-based reader by reading expert Kathleen McWhorter supports an integrated approach to reading and writing with unique scaffolded instruction that guides students through comprehension, analysis, evaluation, and written response — skills students will need to be successful in col...
This innovative modes-based reader by reading expert Kathleen McWhorter supports an integrated approach to reading and writing with unique scaffolded instruction that guides students through comprehension, analysis, evaluation, and written response — skills students will need to be successful in college. Compelling reading selections drawn from widely taught academic disciplines let students practice the work they’re expected to do in other college courses. The second edition has been thoroughly revised with a new grammar handbook, expanded research coverage, new readings, and new features to provide stronger, more integrated reading and writing advice. Reflections can be packaged with LaunchPad Solo for Readers and Writers, allowing you to more efficiently track students’ progress with reading, writing, and grammar skills in an active learning arc that complements the book.
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The first modes-based reader to truly integrate reading and writing
This innovative modes-based reader by reading expert Kathleen McWhorter supports an integrated approach to reading and writing with unique scaffolded instruction that guides students through comprehension, analysis, evaluation, and written response — skills students will need to be successful in college. Compelling reading selections drawn from widely taught academic disciplines let students practice the work they’re expected to do in other college courses. The second edition has been thoroughly revised with a new grammar handbook, expanded research coverage, new readings, and new features to provide stronger, more integrated reading and writing advice. Reflections can be packaged with LaunchPad Solo for Readers and Writers, allowing you to more efficiently track students’ progress with reading, writing, and grammar skills in an active learning arc that complements the book.
Features
Integration of Reading and Writing
While many readers include writing coverage and many composition texts include readings as models, Reflections is the first modes reader to truly integrate reading and writing.
• Reading and writing coverage is introduced with a special focus on the connections between the two skills.
• Reading/Writing Perspectives boxes throughout the text show how readers and writers approach the same element of writing, such as a thesis statement or conclusion.
• The Writing Your Own Essay section in each modes chapter reactivates the comprehension, analysis, and evaluation skills practiced during the reading instruction in each chapter.
• The readings in each modes chapter include apparatus that focuses students equally on working with the readings and writing about them or about related topics.
Scaffolding of Skills
From its general organization through its detailed content, Reflections is designed to scaffold students’ skill development in reading and writing. Moreover, ample opportunities for active participation and practice — before, during, and after reading — enable students to solidify their acquisition of reading and writing skills.
• Abundant models in the early chapters of the book help students develop the reading and writing skills they need to work through the assignments in later chapters.
• Reading levels generally progress in difficulty, so that students’ work with shorter, more accessible readings scaffolds their work with longer, more difficult texts.
• Questions following reading selections move from understanding through analysis to evaluation.
• Writing tasks progress from paragraph to essay and move from personal response to more objective interpretation and finally to research. Questions are clearly labeled, focusing students on the skills they are practicing.
From its general organization through its detailed content, Reflections is designed to scaffold students’ skill development in reading and writing. Moreover, ample opportunities for active participation and practice — before, during, and after reading — enable students to solidify their acquisition of reading and writing skills.
• Abundant models in the early chapters of the book help students develop the reading and writing skills they need to work through the assignments in later chapters.
• Reading levels generally progress in difficulty, so that students’ work with shorter, more accessible readings scaffolds their work with longer, more difficult texts.
• Questions following reading selections move from understanding through analysis to evaluation.
• Writing tasks progress from paragraph to essay and move from personal response to more objective interpretation and finally to research. Questions are clearly labeled, focusing students on the skills they are practicing.
Emphasis on Visual Literacy and Visual Learning
Because students are expected to both interpret visuals they read and select or create visuals to include in their writing, this book emphasizes visual literacy.
• Instruction on working with graphics teaches students how to understand, interpret, and evaluate graphics and images.
• Color-coded graphic organizers provide visual representations of essay content and structure, helping students see at a glance how essays are structured and how to plan their own essays.
• Revision flowcharts for each mode give students a visual guide for improving their writing.
• Chapter-opening photographs are accompanied by prompts to jumpstart student writing.
Because students are expected to both interpret visuals they read and select or create visuals to include in their writing, this book emphasizes visual literacy.
• Instruction on working with graphics teaches students how to understand, interpret, and evaluate graphics and images.
• Color-coded graphic organizers provide visual representations of essay content and structure, helping students see at a glance how essays are structured and how to plan their own essays.
• Revision flowcharts for each mode give students a visual guide for improving their writing.
• Chapter-opening photographs are accompanied by prompts to jumpstart student writing.
An Emphasis on Critical Thinking
Critical thinking skills are essential for readers and writers, both in college and in the workplace. These skills are emphasized through the following features.
• An entire chapter focuses on strategies for critical reading and thinking, including how to identify bias, evaluate sources, and recognize assumptions.
• Analysis in Action and Evaluation in Action exercises provide examples of student thinking and writing and give students the opportunity to practice these important skills.
• Questions following each reading guides students to think critically about the focus, content, purpose, and effectiveness of that reading.
Critical thinking skills are essential for readers and writers, both in college and in the workplace. These skills are emphasized through the following features.
• An entire chapter focuses on strategies for critical reading and thinking, including how to identify bias, evaluate sources, and recognize assumptions.
• Analysis in Action and Evaluation in Action exercises provide examples of student thinking and writing and give students the opportunity to practice these important skills.
• Questions following each reading guides students to think critically about the focus, content, purpose, and effectiveness of that reading.
An Emphasis on Student Success
Reflections recognizes that students need to know how to manage their academic life and integrate it with their family, work, and social life.
• Chapter 1 suggests strategies for setting goals and priorities, managing time, and avoiding procrastination. Students also learn essential classroom skills such as creating a positive academic image, communicating with instructors, working with classmates,using electronic tools, and taking effective class notes.
• Textbook readings from a variety of disciplines are accompanied by apparatus that guides students in reading and responding to textbooks, in using skills such as annotating and highlighting, and in predicting essay exam questions and writing their answers.
Reflections recognizes that students need to know how to manage their academic life and integrate it with their family, work, and social life.
• Chapter 1 suggests strategies for setting goals and priorities, managing time, and avoiding procrastination. Students also learn essential classroom skills such as creating a positive academic image, communicating with instructors, working with classmates,using electronic tools, and taking effective class notes.
• Textbook readings from a variety of disciplines are accompanied by apparatus that guides students in reading and responding to textbooks, in using skills such as annotating and highlighting, and in predicting essay exam questions and writing their answers.
Engaging and Accessible Readings
Because students who enjoy what they are reading will approach assignments with interest and enthusiasm, the forty-eight professional readings and ten student essays were carefully chosen to engage students and to provide strong rhetorical models.
• The readings include a mix of reliable, class-tested essays by well-known writers like Brent Staples, Deborah Tannen, Dave Barry, and Amy Tan, and they come from a wide range of sources, including newspapers, popular magazines, Web sites, and textbooks, representing the diverse texts students encounter in both their personal and their academic lives.
• Wide-ranging topics—including health, stress management, interpersonal relationships, race relations, consequences of war, virtues and pitfalls of technology, and financial concerns--help students connect reading with issues relevant to college success and to their lives.
Because students who enjoy what they are reading will approach assignments with interest and enthusiasm, the forty-eight professional readings and ten student essays were carefully chosen to engage students and to provide strong rhetorical models.
• The readings include a mix of reliable, class-tested essays by well-known writers like Brent Staples, Deborah Tannen, Dave Barry, and Amy Tan, and they come from a wide range of sources, including newspapers, popular magazines, Web sites, and textbooks, representing the diverse texts students encounter in both their personal and their academic lives.
• Wide-ranging topics—including health, stress management, interpersonal relationships, race relations, consequences of war, virtues and pitfalls of technology, and financial concerns--help students connect reading with issues relevant to college success and to their lives.
New to This Edition
Grammar Handbook
An all-new Part 4, “Handbook: Writing Problems and How to Correct Them,” provides students with practical and comprehensive help with basic grammar, sentence problems, punctuation, and mechanics.
● The handbook reviews parts of speech and sentence structures and shows students how to deal with common problem areas such as pronouns, fragments, commas, and subject-verb agreement.
● Exercises, some with answers, provide practice to help students master grammatical skills.
● Intuitive graphics, such as easy-to-follow revision flowcharts and hand-edited sentences that show an error and its correction at a glance, help visual learners grasp grammatical concepts.
● Links to LaunchPad Solo for Readers and Writers extend the grammar instruction and practice exercises beyond the printed page. Interactive videos, adaptive quizzes, study pages, and more boost students’ ability to improve their writing skills at their own pace.
An all-new Part 4, “Handbook: Writing Problems and How to Correct Them,” provides students with practical and comprehensive help with basic grammar, sentence problems, punctuation, and mechanics.
● The handbook reviews parts of speech and sentence structures and shows students how to deal with common problem areas such as pronouns, fragments, commas, and subject-verb agreement.
● Exercises, some with answers, provide practice to help students master grammatical skills.
● Intuitive graphics, such as easy-to-follow revision flowcharts and hand-edited sentences that show an error and its correction at a glance, help visual learners grasp grammatical concepts.
● Links to LaunchPad Solo for Readers and Writers extend the grammar instruction and practice exercises beyond the printed page. Interactive videos, adaptive quizzes, study pages, and more boost students’ ability to improve their writing skills at their own pace.
Stronger Reading and Writing Instruction
Building on the success of the first edition, Reflections has been revised to provide stronger, more integrated reading and writing advice.
● Students start reading sooner. All modes chapters now open with a model professional essay that is referred to throughout the chapter to demonstrate and teach the characteristics of the mode.
● Newly designed Reading|Writing boxes with a side-by-side format better showcase readers’ and writers’ perspectives on important literacy issues such as thesis statements, evidence, bias, and tone.
● A summary Reading|Writing box now concludes each modes chapter, providing a helpful review and reference for students working through both reading and writing assignments in each of the rhetorical patterns.
● Newly designed chapter openers include a list of objectives and a new “Reflect” feature with step-by-step guidance for writing about the chapter’s opening visual.
Building on the success of the first edition, Reflections has been revised to provide stronger, more integrated reading and writing advice.
● Students start reading sooner. All modes chapters now open with a model professional essay that is referred to throughout the chapter to demonstrate and teach the characteristics of the mode.
● Newly designed Reading|Writing boxes with a side-by-side format better showcase readers’ and writers’ perspectives on important literacy issues such as thesis statements, evidence, bias, and tone.
● A summary Reading|Writing box now concludes each modes chapter, providing a helpful review and reference for students working through both reading and writing assignments in each of the rhetorical patterns.
● Newly designed chapter openers include a list of objectives and a new “Reflect” feature with step-by-step guidance for writing about the chapter’s opening visual.
New Readings
The collection of readings has been updated to include more of the contemporary topics that students will want to read about.
● 16 of the 40 readings by professional authors are new to this edition, addressing current and compelling issues such as terrorism, raising the minimum wage, and paying off student loan debt.
● Half of the 8 textbook excerpts are also new, covering disciplines such as psychology, health, and information technology. Each textbook reading is accompanied by discipline-specific questions students are likely to see in a college-level course.
● Student essays throughout the book—3 out of 10 of them new—model the types of writing students are expected to achieve.
The collection of readings has been updated to include more of the contemporary topics that students will want to read about.
● 16 of the 40 readings by professional authors are new to this edition, addressing current and compelling issues such as terrorism, raising the minimum wage, and paying off student loan debt.
● Half of the 8 textbook excerpts are also new, covering disciplines such as psychology, health, and information technology. Each textbook reading is accompanied by discipline-specific questions students are likely to see in a college-level course.
● Student essays throughout the book—3 out of 10 of them new—model the types of writing students are expected to achieve.
Expanded Research Coverage
In a new Part 3, “Student Research Guide,” Reflections provides students with specialized support for approaching research projects.
● An up-to-date chapter on finding and using sources helps students search for and evaluate sources, incorporate quotations, and avoid plagiarism.
● A new chapter dedicated to documenting sources now includes coverage of both MLA and APA style, with samples of student writing in each. The documentation chapter reflects the 2017 MLA updates.
In a new Part 3, “Student Research Guide,” Reflections provides students with specialized support for approaching research projects.
● An up-to-date chapter on finding and using sources helps students search for and evaluate sources, incorporate quotations, and avoid plagiarism.
● A new chapter dedicated to documenting sources now includes coverage of both MLA and APA style, with samples of student writing in each. The documentation chapter reflects the 2017 MLA updates.
Package Reflections with LaunchPad Solo for Readers and Writers to more efficiently track students’ progress with reading, writing, and grammar skills in an active learning arc that complements the book. Access can be packaged at a significant discount. For more information, visit macmillanlearning.com/readwrite.
“Most textbooks teach simple ‘read and respond’ to a piece of writing. Reflections makes learning meaningful because it clearly demonstrates to students the connection between reading and writing. It’s the best textbook I've found to give students the skills and strategies they need to be successful.”
-Gail Bradstreet, Cincinnati State Technical and Community College“The excellent essays and articles on a wide variety of topics help engage students and serve as a springboard to robust class discussions. The questions about the readings are also quite helpful.”
-Ellen Gallimore, Forsyth Technical Community College“The graphic organizers for each mode are especially helpful for our students.”
-Anne C. Helms, Alamance Community College

Reflections
Second Edition| ©2017
Kathleen T. McWhorter
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Reflections
Second Edition| 2017
Kathleen T. McWhorter
Table of Contents
McWhorter: Reflections, 2e
*New to this edition
*New to this edition
PART 1: SKILLS FOR SUCCESS IN READING AND WRITING
Chapter 1. Succeeding in College
*Robinson Meyer, To Remember a Lecture Better, Take Notes by Hand
Strategies for College Success
Manage Your Time
Organize a Reading, Writing, and Study Area
Develop Concentration Skills
Manage Stress
Classroom Skills
Polish Your Academic Image
Demonstrate Academic Integrity
Communicate with Your Instructors
Use Electronic Tools Effectively
Listen Carefully and Critically
Ask and Answer Questions
Work with Classmates
Take Effective Notes in Class
Manage Online Course Work
Chapter 2. Active Reading
Strategies for Active Reading
Before Reading: Previewing and Forming Prereading Questions
Morgan Lowrie, Comparing Online and Traditional Education
Preview
Form Prereading Questions
Reading for Meaning: The Thesis Statement and Key Elements of Paragraphs
Identify the Key Elements of Paragraphs
Identify the Central Thought or Thesis Statement
Highlighting and Annotating
Highlight Key Points
Use Annotations
After Reading: Reviewing the Material
Conduct an Immediate Review
Write a Summary
Draw a Graphic Organizer
Create an Outline to Help You Study
Specialized Reading Strategies
Look Closely at Unfamiliar Words
Learn How to Handle Difficult Reading Material
Use the Special Features of Your Textbooks
Recognize the Importance of Visual Aids
Chapter 3. Critical Reading and Thinking Strategies
What Is Critical Thinking?
Strategies for Analyzing What You Read
Examine the Author’s Purpose, Style, and Intended Audience
Examine Word Choice
Distinguish Fact from Opinion
Analyze the Author’s Tone
Look for Purposeful Omissions
Make Reasonable Inferences
Strategies for Evaluating What You Read
Identify Bias
Evaluate Information Sources
Evaluate the Reliability of Information
Examine the Relevance and Sufficiency of Evidence
Recognize Assumptions
Analyzing and Evaluating Visual Aids
Photographs and Other Images
Graphics and Tables
Responding to Texts and Visual Aids with Journals and Response Papers
Keep a Journal
Write in Response to a Reading
Chapter 4. Prewriting: How to Find and Focus Ideas
Choosing a Topic
Narrowing a Topic
Using a Branching Diagram
Asking Questions to Narrow a Broad Topic
Thinking about Your Purpose, Audience, and Point of View
Determining Your Purpose
Considering Your Audience
Choosing a Point of View
Discovering Ideas to Write About
Freewriting
Mapping
Brainstorming
Questioning
Writing Assertions
Visualizing or Sketching
Researching Your Topic
Students Write
Chapter 5. Developing and Supporting a Thesis
What Is a Thesis Statement?
Developing a Working Thesis Statement
Writing an Effective Thesis Statement
Placing the Thesis Statement
Using an Implied Thesis
Supporting Your Thesis Statement with Evidence
Choosing Types of Evidence
Collecting Evidence to Support Your Thesis
Choosing the Best Evidence
Choosing Evidence for Academic Writing
Using Sources to Support Your Thesis
Students Write
Chapter 6. Writing Effective Paragraphs
The Structure of a Paragraph
Writing a Topic Sentence
A Topic Sentence Should Focus the Paragraph
A Topic Sentence May Preview the Organization of the Paragraph
A Topic Sentence Should Support Your Thesis
A Topic Sentence Should Be Strategically Placed
Including Supporting Details
Effective Paragraphs Have Unity
Effective Paragraphs Are Well Developed
Effective Paragraphs Provide Specific Supporting Details Arranged in a Logical Manner
Using Transitions and Repetition
Students Write
Analyzing the Writer’s Technique
Chapter 7. Drafting an Essay
The Structure of an Essay
Organizing Your Supporting Details
Selecting a Method of Organization
Preparing an Outline or a Graphic Organizer
Writing a Draft
Using Transitions and Repetition to Connect Your Ideas
Using Transitional Expressions to Connect Ideas
Using Repeated Words to Connect Ideas
Writing Your Introduction, Conclusion, and Title
Writing a Strong Introduction
Writing an Effective Conclusion
Writing a Good Title
Students Write
Analyzing the Writer’s Technique
Chapter 8 Revising Content and Organization
Useful Techniques for Revision
Key Questions for Revision
Analyzing Your Purpose and Audience
Evaluating Your Thesis Statement, Topic Sentences, and Evidence
Evaluating Your Organization
Evaluating Your Introduction, Conclusion, and Title
Evaluating Your Paragraph Development
Working with Classmates to Revise Your Essay
How to Find a Good Reviewer
Suggestions for the Writer
Suggestions for the Reviewer
Using Your Instructor’s Comments
Revising an Essay Using Your Instructor’s Comments
Using Your Instructor’s Comments to Improve Future Essays
Editing and Proofreading
Editing Your Essay
Proofreading Your Essay
Students Write
Christine Lee (student), A Trend Taken Too Far
Analyzing the Writer’s Technique
PART 2: READINGS FOR WRITERS
Chapter 9. Patterns: An Introduction
An Overview of Patterns
Combining Patterns
Writing an Essay That Combines Patterns
Guidelines for Using Chapters 10-18
Chapter 10. Narration: Recounting Events
What Is Narration?
A Model Narration Essay
Alton Fitzgerald White, Right Place, Wrong Face
The Structure and Content of Narration Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Narration Essays
Understanding a Narration Essay
Analyzing a Narration Essay
Evaluating a Narration Essay
Writing Your Own Narration Essay
A Student Model Narration Essay
Mina Raine, Taking Back Control
Responding to Raine’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Narration Essay
Choosing an Event or Incident for Your Narration Essay
Gathering Details about the Experience or Incident
Developing and Supporting a Thesis
Drafting Your Narration Essay
Revising Your Narration Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
Sherry Amatenstein, Talking a Stranger through the Night
*Roger Porter, A New Interpretation of Tears
*Anna Erelle, Excerpt from In the Skin of a Jihadist: A Young Journalist Enters the ISIS Recruitment Network
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Ben Beekman and George Beekman, History of the Future
Working with Narration as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 11. Description: Portraying People, Places, and Things
What Is Description?
A Model Description Essay
Jeremy MacClancy, Eating Chilli Peppers
The Structure and Content of Description Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Description Essays
Understanding a Description Essay
Analyzing a Description Essay
Evaluating a Description Essay
Writing Your Own Description Essay
A Student Model Description Essay
*Madelieine Massey, Small Town New Orleans
Responding to Massey’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Description Essay
Choosing a Subject for Your Description Essay
Collecting Details That Describe Your Subject
Finding Comparisons and Choosing a Vantage Point
Creating a Dominant Impression
Drafting Your Description Essay
Revising Your Description Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
Richard Selzer, The Discus Thrower
*Jordan Kisner, Rain Is Sizzling Bacon, Cars Are Lions Roaring: The Art of Sound in Movies
Veronica Chambers, The Secret Latina
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: FILM STUDIES
Louis Giannetti, Costumes
Working with Description as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 12. Illustration: Explaining with Examples
What Is Illustration?
A Model Illustration Essay
Bill Bryson, Snoopers at Work
The Structure and Content of Illustration Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Illustration Essays
Understanding an Illustration Essay
Analyzing an Illustration Essay
Evaluating an Illustration Essay
Writing Your Own Illustration Essay
A Student Model Illustration Essay
*Kaitlyn Frey, Waste, Away!
Responding to Frey’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Illustration Essay
Choosing a Subject for Your Illustration Essay
Gathering Examples for Your Illustration Essay
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Drafting Your Illustration Essay
Revising Your Illustration Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Michael Hanlon, What Happened to Innovation?
Cristina Rouvalis, Hey Mom, Dad, May I Have My Room Back?
Brent Staples, Just Walk On By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: ART APPRECIATION
Patrick Frank, Issue-Oriented and Street Art
Working with Illustration as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 13. Process Analysis: Explaining How Something Works or Is Done
What Is Process Analysis?
A Model Process Analysis Essay
*Eric Rosenberg, How to Make Money with YouTube
The Structure and Content of Process Analysis Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Process Analysis Essays
Understanding a Process Analysis Essay
Analyzing a Process Analysis Essay
Evaluating a Process Analysis Essay
Writing Your Own Process Analysis Essay
A Student Model Process Analysis Essay
Aurora Gilbert, The Pleasures and Particulars of Philanthropy: How to Publicize Your Fund-Raising Event
Responding to Gilbert’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Process Analysis Essay
Choosing a Process for Your Essay
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Listing the Steps and Gathering Details
Drafting Your Process Analysis Essay
Revising Your Process Analysis Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Austin Netzley, 8 Steps to Pay Off $81, of Debt in Less Than 3 Years
*Scott Matteson, How Does Google Search Really Work?
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: PSYCHOLOGY
*Carole Wade, Carol Tarvis, and Maryanne Garry, The Nature of Stress
Working with Process Analysis as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 14. Comparison and Contrast: Showing Similarities and Differences
What Is Comparison and Contrast?
A Model Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Dave Barry, We’ve Got the Dirt on Guy Brains
The Structure and Content of Comparison-and-Contrast Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Comparison-and-Contrast Essays
Understanding a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Analyzing a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Evaluating a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Writing Your Own Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
A Student Model Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Heather Gianakos, Border Bites
Responding to Gianakos’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Choosing a Basis of Comparison and a Purpose
Discovering Similarities and Differences and Generating Details
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Selecting Points of Comparison
Drafting Your Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Revising Your Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Sara Rashkin, What Kind of H2O Should You Drink? We Asked L.A.’s Only Water Sommelier
Deborah Tannen, Sex, Lies, and Conversation
Amy Chua, Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior
COMBINEDPATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: PSYCHOLOGY
Carole Wade and Carol Tavris, Dealing with Cultural Differences
Working with Comparison and Contrast as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 15. Classification and Division: Explaining Categories and Parts
What Are Classification and Division?
A Model Classification Essay
Joshua Fruhlinger, Online Dating — Five Things to Avoid
The Structure and Content of Classification and Division Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Classification and Division Essays
Understanding a Classification or Division Essay
Analyzing a Classification or Division Essay
Evaluating a Classification or Division Essay
Writing Your Own Classification or Division Essay
A Student Model Classification Essay
Maris Vasquez, A Profile of Facebook Users
Responding to Vasquez’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Classification or Division Essay
Planning Your Classification or Division Essay
Choosing a Principle of Classification or Division
Choosing Categories or Parts
Identifying the Key Features of Each Category or Part
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Drafting Your Classification or Division Essay
Revising Your Classification or Division Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
Mindy Kaling, Types of Women in Romantic Comedies Who Are Not Real
David Bodanis, A Brush with Reality: Surprises in the Tube
COMBINING THE PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: HEALTH
*April Lynch, Barry Elmore, and Jerome Kotecki, Addiction
Working with Classification and Division as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 16. Definition: Explaining What You Mean
What Is Definition?
A Model Definition Essay
*Roland Kelts, The Satori Generation
The Structure and Content of Definition Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Definition Essays
Understanding a Definition Essay
Analyzing a Definition Essay
Evaluating a Definition Essay
Writing Your Own Definition Essay
A Student Model Definition Essay
*Sarah Frey, Woman of Many Talents
Responding to Frey’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Definition Essay
Planning Your Definition Essay
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Drafting Your Definition Essay
Revising Your Definition Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
Lars Eighner, On Dumpster Diving
Bethe Dufresne, Gullible Travels
Stefany Anne Golberg, Can You See Me Now? Deaf America
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: PUBLIC RELATIONS
*Dennis Wilcox, Glen Cameron, and Bryan Reber, The Cult of Celebrity
Working with Definition as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 17. Cause and Effect: Using Reasons and Results to Explain
What Are Causes and Effects?
A Model Cause-and-Effect Essay
Amy Tan, E. coli on the Rocks
The Structure and Content of Cause-and-Effect Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Cause-and-Effect Essays
Understanding a Cause-and-Effect Essay
Analyzing a Cause-and-Effect Essay
Evaluating a Cause-and-Effect Essay
Writing Your Own Cause-and-Effect Essay
A Student Model Cause-and-Effect Essay
Nathan Nguyen, Gambling on Our Future
Responding to Nguyen’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Cause-and-Effect Essay
Selecting an Event to Write About
Discovering Causes and Effects
Identifying Primary Causes and Effects
Developing Your Thesis
Drafting Your Cause-and-Effect Essay
Revising Your Cause-and-Effect Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Katie Wheeling, Why Do Violent Videos Go Viral?
*Hara Estroff Marano, Why We Procrastinate
*Fred Pearce, TV as Birth Control: Defusing the Population Bomb
COMBINING THE PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: NUTRITION
*Joan Salge Blake, Kathy D. Munoz, and Stella Volpe, What Factors Contribute to Hunger around the World?
Working with Cause and Effect as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 18. Argumentation: Supporting a Claim
What Is an Argument?
A Model Argument Essay
Lisa M. Hamilton, Eating Meat for the Environment
The Structure and Content of Argument Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Argument Essays
Understanding an Argument Essay
Analyzing an Argument Essay
Evaluating an Argument Essay
Writing Your Own Argument Essay
A Student Model Argument Essay
James Sturm, Pull the Plug on Explicit Lyrics
Responding to Sturm’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Argument Essay
Selecting an Issue to Write About
Considering Your Audience
Developing a Claim in Your Thesis
Considering Opposing Viewpoints
Drafting Your Argument Essay
Revising Your Argument Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Soujourner Truth, Ain’t I a Woman?
Sebastian Junger, Why Would Anyone Miss War?
*Brittney Cooper, The Racial Parenting Divide: What Adrian Peterson Reveals about Black vs. White Child-Rearing
ARGUMENT PAIR: DEBATING A HIGHER MINIMUM WAGE
*Robert Reich, Why We Should Raise the Minimum Wage
*Reihan Salam, The Fight Against 15
ARGUMENT PAIR: DEBATING MULTITASKING
Peter Bregman, How (and Why) to Stop Multitasking
David Silverman, In Defense of Multitasking
Working with Argument as a Reader and Writer
PART 3: STUDENT RESEARCH GUIDE
Chapter 19. Finding and Using Sources
Primary and Secondary Sources
How to Locate Sources
Locating Useful Library Sources
Doing Research on the World Wide Web
Evaluating Sources for Relevance and Reliability
Questions for Evaluating Sources for Relevance
Questions for Evaluating Sources for Reliability
Working with Text: Reading Sources
Extracting Information from Sources
Gathering Necessary Citation Information
Systems of Note-Taking
Writing Summary Notes
Writing Paraphrases
Recording Quotations
Avoiding Plagiarism
What Counts as Plagiarism
How to Avoid Plagiarism
*Chapter 20. Documenting Your Sources
Documenting Sources in MLA Style
MLA-Style In-Text Citations
MLA-Style List of Works Cited
Some MLA-Style Models
Sample Pages from an MLA-Style Paper
*Documenting Sources in APA Style
*APA-Style In-Text Citations
*APA-Style List of References
*Some APA-Style Models
*Sample Pages from an APA-Style Paper
*PART 4: HANDBOOK: WRITING PROBLEMS AND HOW TO CORRECT THEM
*Review of Basic Grammar
*1 Parts of Speech
*2 Sentence Structure
*Writing Correct Sentences
*3 Sentence Fragments
*4 Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices
*5 Subject-Verb Agreement
*6 Verb Forms
*7 Pronoun Problems
*8 Shifts and Mixed Constructions
*9 Adjectives and Adverbs
*10 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
*Using Punctuation and Mechanics Correctly
*11 End Punctuation
*12 Commas
*13 Semicolons
*14 Colons
*15 Quotation Marks, Ellipses, and Brackets
*16 Apostrophes
*17 Dashes
*18 Capitalization and Italics/Underlining
*Answers to Even-Numbered Exercises in Handbook
Index
Authors

Kathleen T. McWhorter
Kathleen T. McWhorter is professor emerita of humanities and former director of the Learning Skills Center at Niagara County Community College. She has also been on the faculty of the State University College at Buffalo. She is the author of a number of books on writing for freshmen-level students, including the popular guide Successful College Writing, Seventh Edition (Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2018), and the composition reader Reflections: Patterns for Reading and Writing, Second Edition (Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2017). She has also written a number of textbooks on reading and writing for developmental students, including In Concert: Reading and Writing, Second Edition (2016); In Harmony: Reading and Writing, Second Edition (2016); Reading Across the Disciplines: College Reading and Beyond, Sixth Edition (2015); Academic Reading, Eighth Edition (2014); and Efficient and Flexible Reading, Tenth Edition (2014).
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Reflections
Second Edition| 2017
Kathleen T. McWhorter
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