| CHAPTER 14: European Exploration
and Conquest, 1450–1650 |
| I. World Contacts Before Columbus |
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A. The Trade World of
the Indian Ocean |
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1.
Trade Routes |
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2.
The Chinese Economy |
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3.
Chinese Voyages of Exploration |
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4.
India |
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B. The Trading States of
Africa |
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1.
Empires and States |
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2.
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes |
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3. Slaves |
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C. The Ottoman and
Persian Empires |
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1.
Persian Safavids |
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2.
Turkish Ottomans |
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D. Genoese and Venetian
Middlemen |
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1.
European Trading Centers |
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2.
Venice |
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3.
Genoa |
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4.
Slavery
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| II. The European Voyages of Discovery |
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A. Causes of European
Expansion |
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1.
Economics |
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2.
Desire for Spices |
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3.
Religious Fervor |
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4.
Renaissance Curiosity |
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5.
Lack of Economic Opportunity at Home |
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6. Government
Power |
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7.
Life at Sea |
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8.
Interest at Home |
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B. Technology and the
Rise of Exploration |
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1.
Stronger Ships |
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2.
Improvements in Cartography |
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3.
New Technology |
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C. The Portuguese
Overseas Empire |
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1.
Favorable Geography |
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2.
Henry the Navigator |
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3.
Bartholomew Diaz and Vasco da Gama |
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D. The Problem of
Christopher Columbus |
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1.
Columbus’s Goals |
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2.
Discoveries |
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3.
Conquest |
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E. Later Explorers |
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1.
Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512) |
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2.
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) |
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3.
Ferdinand Magellan (1480–1521) |
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4. John
Cabot |
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5. Jacques
Cartier |
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F. Spanish Conquest in
the New World |
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1.
Mexico |
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2.
The Inca Empire |
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G. Early French and
English Settlement in the New World |
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1.
English Settlements |
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2.
French Settlements |
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3. French
Settlements in the West Indies
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| III. The Impact of Conquest |
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A. Colonial
Administration |
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1.
Viceroyalties |
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2.
Viceroy |
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3.
Brazil |
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4.
France and England |
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B. Impact of European
Settlement on the Lives of Indigenous Peoples |
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1.
Indigenous Peoples |
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2.
The Encomienda System |
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3.
Native Population Losses |
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4.
Missionaries |
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C. Life in the Colonies |
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1.
Women |
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2.
European Cultural Attitudes |
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3.
African Women |
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D. The Columbian
Exchange |
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1.
The Columbian Exchange |
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2.
Plants and Animals |
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3.
Disease
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| IV. Europe and the World After Columbus |
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A. Sugar and Slavery |
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1.
Slavery in the Mediterranean World |
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2.
Portuguese Slavery |
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3.
Sugar and Slavery |
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4. The
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade |
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5. Conditions |
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B. Spanish Silver and
Its Economic Effects |
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1.
Silver |
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2.
Inflation |
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3.
Globalization |
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C. The Birth of the
Global Economy |
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1.
The Portuguese Empire |
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2.
The Spanish Empire |
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3.
The Dutch Empire
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| V. Changing Attitudes and Beliefs |
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A. New Ideas About Race |
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1.
Dehumanizing Africans |
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2.
Racial Inequality |
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3.
Justifications |
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B. Michel de Montaigne
and Cultural Curiosity |
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1.
Skepticism and Cultural Relativism |
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2.
Essay |
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C. William Shakespeare
and His Influence |
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1.
Works |
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2.
Shakespeare and Race |