| CHAPTER 25: War and Revolution, 1914–1919 |
| I. The Road to War |
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A. Growing International Conflict |
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1. Germany’s Great Power Status |
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2. The Alliance Systems |
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3. The Anglo-German Antagonism |
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4. First Moroccan
Crisis (1905) |
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5. Triple
Entente |
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6. The German Navy |
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7. The Eve of War |
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B. The Mood of 1914 |
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1. Militarism |
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2. Nationalism |
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3. Promoting Nationalism |
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C. The Outbreak of War |
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1. The Assassination of Archduke
Ferdinand |
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2. The Balkan Powder-Keg |
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3. The Two Balkan Wars (1912,
1913) |
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4. The Road to
War |
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5. The Schlieffen
Plan |
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6. Popular
Sentiment
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| II. Waging Total War |
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A. Stalemate and Slaughter on the Western
Front |
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1. The Road to Stalemate |
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2. Trench Warfare |
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3. The Battles of Verdun and the
Somme (1916) |
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B. The Widening War |
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1. German Victories and
Occupation |
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2. Italian and Ottoman Entry |
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3. British Defeats and
Successes |
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4. The Colonial Theater |
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5.
American Intervention
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| III. The Home Front |
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A. Mobilizing for Total War |
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1. Governmental Management |
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2. A Planned Economy |
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3. Military Dictatorship |
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B. The Social Impact |
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1. Labor Shortage |
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2. Labor Unions |
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3. Women Workers |
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4.
Greater Social Equality |
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C. Growing Political Tensions |
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1. Propaganda |
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2. Strains in the Allied Powers |
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3. Strains in the Central
Powers
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| IV. The Russian Revolution |
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A. The Fall of Imperial Russia |
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1. Temporary Unity |
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2. Problems with the Russian War
Effort |
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3.
Weak Leadership |
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4. The February Revolution |
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B. The Provisional Government |
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1. Reforms |
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2. Petrograd Soviet |
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3. The Failed Summer Offensive
(1917) |
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C. Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution |
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1. Background |
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2. Lenin’s Ideas |
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3. Bolsheviks vs. Mensheviks |
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4.
Wartime Activities |
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D. Trotsky and the Seizure of Power |
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1. Increased Popular Support |
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2. Trotsky’s Role |
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3. Reasons for the Bolshevik
Success |
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E. Dictatorship and Civil War |
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1. Consolidating Power |
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2. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
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3. The Whites |
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4. Red
Victory |
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5. War Communism
and the Red Terror
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| V. The Peace Settlement |
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A. The End of the War |
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1. Second Battle of the Marne |
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2. Shouldering the Blame |
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3. The Collapse of the German Empire |
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B. Revolution in Austria-Hungary and Germany |
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1. The Break-up of
Austria-Hungary |
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2. The Aborted German Revolution |
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3. The Spartacist Uprising (January
1919) |
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4.
The Outcome |
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C. The Treaty of Versailles |
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1. Treaty of Versailles |
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2. The Fourteen Points |
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3. Disagreements over Germany |
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4. The Peace Terms |
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5.
The Flawed Peace |
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D. The Peace Settlement in the Middle East |
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1.
The Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916) |
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2. Balfour Declaration (1917) |
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3. The Arab Response |
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4.
The Creation of Turkey |
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E. The Human Costs of the War |
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1. Casualties |
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2. Commemorations |
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3. Veterans |
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4.
Right-Wing Radicalization |