Chapter 5 Outlines
| Step One—Read the Chapter and Take Notes As You Go |
| This outline reflects the major headings and subheadings in this chapter of your textbook. Use it to take notes as you read each section of the chapter. In your notes, try to restate the main idea of each section. |
| Chapter 5: Society and Inequality in Eurasia/North Africa, 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E. | |||
| I. | Society and the State in China | ||
| A. | An Elite of Officials | ||
| 1. | Emperor Wu Di’s imperial academy, 124 B.C.E. | ||
| 2. | Exam system | ||
| 3. | Privilege and prestige | ||
| B. | The Landlord Class | ||
| 1. | Land as wealth | ||
| 2. | Rise of large estates | ||
| 3. | Wang Mang (r. 8–23 C.E.) | ||
| 4. | Scholar-Gentry | ||
| C. | Peasants | ||
| 1. | Pressures on peasants | ||
| 2. | Yellow Turban Rebellion | ||
| D. | Merchants | ||
| 1. | Shameful profits and dubious morality | ||
| 2. | Restrictions and exclusion from state service | ||
| II. | Class and Caste in India | ||
| A. | Caste as Varna | ||
| 1. | Origins? Aryans? Purusha? Timeless or flexible? | ||
| 2. | Brahmin, Kshatriya, and Vaisya (twice born) | ||
| 3. | Shudra and Untouchables | ||
| B. | Caste as Jati | ||
| 1. | Guilds and professional groups | ||
| 2. | 1,000s of sub-castes | ||
| 3. | Purity, pollution, and privilege | ||
| 4. | Karma, dharma, and rebirth | ||
| C. | The Functions of Caste | ||
| 1. | Localization | ||
| 2. | Security and support | ||
| 3. | Assimilation of new arrivals | ||
| 4. | Exploitation | ||
| III. | Slavery: The Case of the Roman Republic | ||
| A. | Slavery and Civilization | ||
| 1. | “Social Death” | ||
| 2. | Wide diversity of types of slavery | ||
| B. | The Making of Roman Slavery | ||
| 1. | Greek slavery | ||
| 2. | Vast scale of Roman slavery | ||
| 3. | Prisoners, pirates, and orphans | ||
| 4. | Multiethnic | ||
| 5. | All levels of economy | ||
| C. | Resistance and Rebellion | ||
| 1. | “Weapons of the weak” | ||
| 2. | Spartacus, 73 B.C.E. | ||
| IV. | Comparing Patriarchies | ||
| A. | A Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China | ||
| 1. | Yin and Yang | ||
| 2. | Confucian teachings: Three Obediences | ||
| 3. | Elite women, mothers and wives, and peasant women | ||
| 4. | Buddhism, Daoism, and pastoral peoples | ||
| 5. | Empress Wu (r. 690-705 B.C.E.) | ||
| B. | Contrasting Patriarchies: Athens and Sparta | ||
| 1. | Restriction on elite Athenian women | ||
| 2. | Aspasia (470–400 B.C.E.) | ||
| 3. | Obligations and freedoms of Spartan women | ||
| V. | Reflections: Arguing with Solomon and the Buddha | |
| A. | Innovations and changes? | |
| B. | Enduring patterns and lasting features? |