Chapter 12: The Worlds of the Fifteenth Century |
|
I. |
The Shapes of
Human Communities |
|
A. |
Paleolithic
Persistence:
Australia
and
North America |
|
|
1. |
Gatherers and hunters have a
history, too |
|
|
2. |
Manipulation of the
environment and trade |
|
|
3. |
“Complex” or “affluent”
gatherers and hunters |
|
B. |
Agricultural
Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois |
|
|
1. |
Egalitarian kinship societies
without state systems |
|
|
2. |
“The Igbo have no king” but
they did trade |
|
|
3. |
Great Law of Peace of the
Five Nations |
|
C. |
Pastoral Peoples:
Central Asia and
West Africa |
|
|
1. |
Timur/Tamerlame (d. 1405) |
|
|
2. |
Samarkand |
|
|
3. |
Fulbe |
|
II. |
Civilizations of
the Fifteenth Century: Comparing
China
and
Europe |
|
A. |
Ming Dynasty
China |
|
|
1. |
Emperor Yongle (r. 1402–1422) |
|
|
2. |
Confucianism and anti-Mongol
policies |
|
|
3. |
Economic boom |
|
|
4. |
Zheng He’s voyages (1405–1433) |
|
B. |
European
Comparisons:
State
Building and Cultural Renewal |
|
|
1. |
Smaller states in constant
conflict |
|
|
2. |
Renaissance humanism |
|
C. |
European
Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging |
|
|
1. |
Portugal
takes the lead after 1415 |
|
|
2. |
Smaller ships and fleets than
the Chinese |
|
|
3. |
Motives, goals, and support |
|
III. |
Civilizations
of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World |
|
A. |
In the Islamic
Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires |
|
|
1. |
Ottoman size, strength, and
longevity |
|
|
2. |
1453: Turkish threat to
Europe |
|
|
3. |
Shia Safavids versus Sunni Ottomans |
|
B. |
On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires |
|
|
1. |
Islam and the
trans-Sahara trade |
|
|
2. |
Political unity
and religious diversity in
India |
|
|
3. |
Muslim merchants
and Sufi mystics in
Southeast Asia |
|
|
4. |
Malacca |