Chapter 14 Outlines

Step One—Read the Chapter and Take Notes As You Go
This outline reflects the major headings and subheadings in this chapter of your textbook. Use it to take notes as you read each section of the chapter. In your notes, try to restate the main idea of each section.

Chapter 14: Economic Transformations: Commerce and Consequence, 1450–1750
  I. Europeans and Asian Commerce
  A. A Portuguese Empire of Commerce
    1. Economic weaknesses but military strengths
    2. Mombasa, Hormuz, Goa, Malacca, and Macao
    3. “Trading post empire” and cartaz pass system
    4. Entry into Asian trade
    5. Decline after 1600
  B. Spain and the Philippines
    1. Lure of the Spice Islands
    2. Magellan’s voyage (1519–1521)
    3. Spanish rule (1565–1898)
    4. Mindanao and Islam as an ideology of resistance
    5. Manila and the Chinese
  C. The East India Companies
    1. Organized monopolies that could make war
    2. Dutch seizure of the Spice Islands and Taiwan
    3. British work with Mughals in India in textile trade
    4. “Carrying trade” and bulk commodities
  D. Asians and Asian Commerce
    1. Limited European impact in Asia
    2. Japan initially open but Tokugawa Shogun closed
    3. Active Asians: Chinese, Southeast Asian women, Armenians, and Indians

  II. Silver and Global Commerce
  A. Discovery of Bolivian and Japanese silver deposits
  B. Spanish American silver to Manila and then China
  C. Chinese taxes paid in silver
  D. Potosí
  E. Rise and fall of Spanish economy
  F. “General crisis” of the seventeenth century
  G. Japan’s silver management
  H. Commercialization, specialization, and deforestation in China
  I. China and India out-produce Europe

  III. The “World Hunt”: Fur in Global Commerce
  A. North American and Siberian fur sources
  B. European population growth and “Little Ice Age”
  C. European goods traded for American furs
  D. Impact on Native American societies
  E. Siberian furs to Europe, China, and the Ottomans
  F. Impact on Siberians

  IV. Commerce in People: The Atlantic Slave Trade
  A. The Slave Trade in Context
    1. Varieties of slaveries before 1500
    2. Uniqueness of slavery in the Americas
    3. Sugar and other plantation crops: tobacco and cotton
    4. Why Africans?
  B. The Slave Trade in Practice
    1. African slave traders
    2. European and Indian goods to African consumers
    3. Where did the slaves come from?
  C. Consequences: The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa
    1. Negative demographic and economic impact
    2. Corrupting effect
    3. Rising labor demands on women and polygamy
    4. New opportunities for women
    5. Options and choices for African states

  V. Reflections: Economic Globalization—Then and Now
  A. Similarities with the past but our lives are different
  B. How old is globalization?
  C. What is different about globalization today?
  D. Globalization tied to empire and slavery