Chapter 16 Outlines

Step One—Read the Chapter and Take Notes As You Go
This outline reflects the major headings and subheadings in this chapter of your textbook. Use it to take notes as you read each section of the chapter. In your notes, try to restate the main idea of each section.

Chapter 16: Atlantic Revolutions, Global Echoes, 1750–1914
  I. Atlantic Revolutions in a Global Context
  A. “world crisis?”
  B. Uniqueness of the Atlantic revolutions
  C. The Atlantic as a “world of ideas”
  D. Democratic revolutions
  E. Global impact of the Atlantic revolutions

  II. Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
  A. The North American Revolution, 1775–1787
    1. Revolutionary?
    2. English in England and English in America
    3. New taxes and ideas from the Enlightenment
    4. A revolutionary society before the revolution
  B. The French Revolution, 1789–1815
    1. The American connection: ideas, war debt, and taxes
    2. Resentment of privilege and increasing radicalism
    3. Inventing a new, rational world
    4. Women’s participation and then repression
    5. Birth of the nation and the citizen
    6. Napoleon’s French revolutionary paradox
  C. The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804
    1. Saint Domingue, the richest colony in the world
    2. African slaves, white colonists, and gens de couleur
    3. Slave revolt, civil war, and foreign invasion
    4. Toussaint Louverture
    5. Haiti: a post-slavery republic
    6. “Independence debt”
  D. Spanish American Revolutions, 1810–1825
    1. Creole resentment of Spanish rule and taxes
    2. Napoleon’s 1808 invasion of Spain and Portugal
    3. Racial, class, and ideological divisions
    4. Simón Bolívar and the Americanos
    5. Independence without social revolution or unity

  III. Echoes of Revolution
  A. The Abolition of Slavery
    1. Protestant and Quaker moralism
    2. New economic structures
    3. Haiti and other slave revolts
    4. British leadership
    5. Resistance to abolition
    6. Emancipation without socio-economic changes
    7. Emancipation and colonialism in Africa and the Islamic world
  B. Nations and Nationalism
    1. The “nation” as a new idea
    2. Unification and independence
    3. Internation conflict
    4. Political uses of nationalism
  C. Feminist Beginnings
    1. Enlightenment attacks on tradition
    2. Mary Wollstonecraft, Vindication of the Rights of Women, and Seneca Falls, 1848
    3. Suffrage and professional opportunities
    4. Opposition
    5. Trans-Atlantic and global feminisms

  IV. Reflections: Revolutions Pro and Con
  A. Necessary? Promises? Worth the cost?
  B. Historians disagree and debate.
  C. Ongoing struggle to understand.