Behavioral Genetics
Seventh Edition ©2017
With its clear and concise presentation, Behavioral Genetics, 7th edition introduces students to the field’s underlying principles, defining experiments, ongoing controversies, and most recent discoveries. The text provides students with an understanding of heredity, it’s DNA basis, the...
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Authored by leading experts in the field, the new seventh edition of this classic text provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive introduction to behavioral genetics available today
With its clear and concise presentation, Behavioral Genetics, 7th edition introduces students to the field’s underlying principles, defining experiments, ongoing controversies, and most recent discoveries. The text provides students with an understanding of heredity, it’s DNA basis, the methods used to discover genetic influence on behavior and identify specific genes. It then examines what is known about genetic influence on cognitive ability, psychopathology, substance abuse, personality, health psychology, and aging. Finally it looks ate the future of the field of Behavioral Genetics and area where some of the most exciting development in the Behavioral sciences are being made.
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Table of Contents
ABOUT THE AUTHORSPREFACECHAPTER 1 Overview CHAPTER 2 Historical PerspectiveThe Era of DarwinCharles DarwinFrancis GaltonBox 2.1 Francis GaltonPre-Mendelian Concepts of Heredity and VariationHeredityVariationSummaryCHAPTER 3 Mendel's Laws and Beyond Mendel’s LawsMendel’s First Law of HeredityBox 3.1 Gregor Mendel’s LuckMendel’s Second Law of HeredityBox 3.2 How Do We Know That 1 in 50 People Are Carriers for PKU?Beyond Mendel’s LawsComplex TraitsMultiple Gene InheritanceQuantitative GeneticsBox 3.3 Liability-Threshold Model of DisordersX-Chromosome: An Extension to Mendel’s LawsSummaryCHAPTER 4 The Biological Basis of HeredityDNABox 4.1 The "Central Dogma" of Molecular GeneticsChromosomesSummaryCHAPTER 5 Animal Models in Behavioral GeneticsQuantitative Genetic Experiments to Investigate Animal BehaviorSelection StudiesInbred Strain StudiesAnimal Studies for Identifying Genes and Gene FunctionsCreating MutationsQuantitative Trait LociSynteny HomologySummaryCHAPTER 6 Nature, Nurture and Human Behavior Investigating the Genetics of Human BehaviorAdoption DesignsBox 6.1 The First Adoption Study of SchizophreniaBox 6.2 Issues in Adoption StudiesTwin DesignBox 6.3 The Twin Method Combination SummaryCHAPTER 7 Estimating Genetic and Environmental Influences HeritabilityBox 7.1 Estimating Heritability Directly from DNAInterpreting HeritabilityEnvironmentality Shared EnvironmentNonshared EnvironmentEstimating Shared and Nonshared Environmental InfluencesIdentifying Specific Nonshared EnvironmentIdentifying Specific Nonshared Environment That Predicts Behavioral OutcomesMultivariate AnalysisSummaryChapter 8 The Interplay between Genes and EnvironmentBeyond HeritabilityGenotype-Environment CorrelationThe Nature of NurtureThree Types of Genotype-Environment Correlation Three Methods to Detect Genotype-Environment Correlation ImplicationsGenotype-Environment InteractionAnimal ModelsAdoption Studies Twin StudiesDNASummaryCHAPTER 9 Identifying Genes MutationsExpanded Triplet RepeatsDetecting Polymorphisms Box 9.1 DNA MarkersHuman Behavior Linkage: Single-Gene Disorders Linkage: Complex Disorders Box 9.2 Affected Sib-Pair Linkage DesignAssociation: Candidate Genes Association: Genomewide Box 9.3 SNP MicroarraysSummaryCHAPTER 10 Pathways between Genes and BehaviorBox 10.1 Levels of AnalysisGene Expression and the Role of EpigeneticsThe Transcriptome: Gene Expression throughout the Genome Gene Expression Profiles: RNA Microarrays and Sequence-Based Approaches Gene Expression and Genetics Gene Expression as a Biological Basis for Environmental InfluenceThe Proteome: Proteins Coded throughout the TranscriptomeThe Brain Box 10.2 Endophenotypes Learning and Memory Neuroimaging SummaryCHAPTER 11 Cognitive Abilities Animal ResearchGeneral Cognitive AbilitySpecific Cognitive AbilitiesNeurocognitive Measures of Cognitive AbilitiesSchool AchievementThree Special Genetic Findings about Cognitive AbilitiesHeritability Increases During DevelopmentAssortative Mating is SubstantialThe same genes affect diverse cognitive and learning abilitiesIdentifying GenesSummaryCHAPTER 12 Cognitive Disabilities General Cognitive Disability: Quantitative GeneticsGeneral Cognitive Disability: Single-Gene Disorders Phenylketonuria Fragile X Syndrome Rett Syndrome Other Single-Gene DisordersGeneral Cognitive Disability: Chromosomal Abnormalities Down Syndrome Sex Chromosome AbnormalitiesSmall Chromosomal DeletionsSpecific Cognitive Disabilities Reading Disability Communication Disorders Mathematics Disability Comorbidity among Specific Cognitive DisabilitiesSummaryCHAPTER 13 Schizophrenia Box 13.1 The Beginnings of Psychiatric Genetics: Bethlem Royal and Maudsley HospitalsFamily Studies Twin StudiesAdoption StudiesSchizophrenia or Schizophrenias?Identifying GenesSummaryCHAPTER 14 Other Adult Psychopathology Mood Disorders Family Studies Twin Studies Adoption StudiesSNP-Based Heritability Identifying GenesAnxiety DisordersOther DisordersCo-Occurrence of DisordersIdentifying GenesSummaryCHAPTER 15 Developmental PsychopathologyAutism Family and Twin Studies Identifying GenesAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Twin Studies Identifying GenesDistruptive Behavior DisordersAnxiety DisordersOther DisordersOverview of Twin Studies of Childhood DisordersSNP-Based Heritability Findings for Childhood DisordersSummaryCHAPTER 16 Personality and Personality DisordersSelf-Report QuestionnairesOther Measures of PersonalityOther Findings Situations Development Nature-Nurture InterplayPersonality and Social Psychology Relationships Attitudes and Political BehaviorBehavioral EconomicsPersonality Disorders Schizotypal Personality DisorderObsessive-Compulsive Personality DisorderAntisocial Personality Disorder and Criminal BehaviorIdentifying GenesSummaryChapter 17 Substance Use Disorders Alcohol Dependence Twin and Adoption Research on Alcohol-Related Phenotypes Animal Research on Alcohol-Related PhenotypesMolecular Genetic Research on Alcohol-Related PhenotypesNicotine Dependence Twin Research on Smoking-Related Phenotypes Molecular Genetic Research on Smoking-Related PhenotypesOther DrugsComplexities of Studying the Genetics of Substance UseSummaryCHAPTER 18 Health Psychology Health Psychology Body Weight and Obesity Subjective Well-Being and Health Health Psychology and Genetic CounselingSummaryCHAPTER 19 AgingCognitive AgingGeneral Cognitive AbilitySpecific Cognitive AbilitiesDementiaGenes and Normal Cognitive AgingHealth and AgingPhysiological FunctioningBehavioral and Physical FunctioningSelf-Rated HealthMolecular Genetics and Physical HealthLongevitySummaryCHAPTER 20 The Future of Behavioral Genetics Quantitative GeneticsMolecular GeneticsImplications of Nature and NurtureAppendix Statistical Methods in Behavioral Genetics1. IntroductionBox A.1 Behavioral Genetic Interactive Modules1.1 Variation and Covariation: Statistical Descriptions of Individual Differences2. Quantitative Genetics2.1 The Biometric Model2.2 Estimating Variance Components3. Molecular Genetics3.1 Linkage Analysis3.2 Association Analysis
WebsitesGlossaryReferencesName Index
Subject Index
Authors
Valerie S. Knopik
Valerie S. Knopik is Director of the Division of Behavioral Genetics at Rhode Island Hospital and Associate Professor in the Departments of Psychiatry & Human Behavior and Behavioral & Social Sciences at the Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University. She received her doctorate in Psychology from the University of Colorado, Boulder in 2000, where she worked with John DeFries and conducted research in the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center. She subsequently completed a fellowship in psychiatric genetics and genetic epidemiology at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis from 2000-2002 and continued as junior faculty for two years. She joined the faculty at Brown University in 2004 and holds an Adjunct Associate Professor appointment at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis. Knopik’s primary area of interest is the joint effect of genetic and environmental (specifically prenatal and early postnatal) risk factors on child and adolescent externalizing behavior, associated learning and cognitive deficits, and later substance use. She serves as Associate Editor of Behavior Genetics and Field Chief Editor of Frontiers in Behavioral and Psychiatric Genetics. Her work has been recognized by the Research Society for Alcoholism as a finalist for Enoch Gordis Research Recognition Award, the NIDA Genetics Workgroup, and she received the Fuller and Scott Early Career Award from the Behavior Genetics Association in 2007.
Jenae M. Neiderhiser
Jenae M. Neiderhiser is Liberal Arts Research Professor of Psychology at The Pennsylvania State University. After receiving her Ph.D. in Human Development and Family Studies from The Pennsylvania State University in 1994, she joined the faculty of the Center for Family Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C., advancing from Assistant Research Professor to Professor from 1994 to 2007. In 2007 she joined the Department of Psychology at The Pennsylvania State University and also holds the appointment of Professor of Human Development and affiliate scientist at the Oregon Social Learning Center. Neiderhiser’s work has focused on how genes and environments work together throughout the lifespan. She has had a particular focus on genotype-environment correlation and how individuals shape their own environments, especially within the family. In her pursuit of this question she has collaborated on developing a number of novel or underutilized research designs including the Extended Children of Twins and an ongoing prospective adoption study, the Early Growth and Development Study. Neiderhiser is an associate editor for the Journal of Research on Adolescence and Frontiers in Behavioral and Psychiatric Genetics and is on the editorial board of several developmental psychology journals.
John C. DeFries
John C. DeFries is professor of psychology and faculty fellow of the Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder. After receiving his doctorate in agriculture (with specialty training in quantitative genetics) from the University of Illinois in 1961, he remained on the faculty of the University of Illinois for six years. In 1962, he began research on mouse behavioral genetics, and the following year he was a research fellow in genetics at the University of California, Berkeley. After returning to Illinois in 1964, DeFries initiated an extensive genetic analysis of open-field behavior in laboratory mice. Three years later, he joined the Institute for Behavioral Genetics, and he served as its director from 1981 to 2001. DeFries and Steve G. Vandenberg founded the journal Behavior Genetics in 1970, and DeFries and Robert Plomin founded the Colorado Adoption Project in 1975. For over three decades, DeFries’s major research interest has concerned the genetics of reading disabilities, founding the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center with Richard K. Olson in 1990. He served as president of the Behavior Genetics Association in 1982 and 1983, receiving the association’s Th. Dobzhansky Award for Outstanding Research in 1992; and he became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (Section J, Psychology) in 1994 and the Association for Psychological Science in 2009.
Robert Plomin
Robert Plomin is MRC Research Professor of Behavioral Genetics at the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre at the Institute of Psychiatry in London. He received his doctorate in psychology from the University of Texas, Austin, in 1974, one of the few graduate programs in psychology that offered a specialty in behavioral genetics at that time. He then became an assistant professor at the Institute for Behavioral Genetics at the University of Colorado, Boulder, where he began working with John DeFries. Together, they created the longitudinal Colorado Adoption Project of behavioral development, which has continued for more than 30 years. Plomin worked at Pennsylvania State University from 1986 until 1994, when he moved to the Institute of Psychiatry in London to help launch the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre. The goal of his research is to bring together genetic and environmental research strategies to investigate behavioral development. Plomin is now conducting a study of all twins born in England during the period 1994 to 1996, focusing on developmental delays in childhood. He is a past president of the Behavior Genetics Association (1989-1990) and has received lifetime achievement awards from the Behavior Genetics Association (2002), American Psychological Society (2005), the Society for Research in Child Development (2005), and the International Society for Intelligence Research (2011).
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