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Subject and Strategy

A Writer's ReaderSixteenth Edition ©2022 Paul Eschholz; Alfred Rosa

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Diverse, engaging readings and clear writing strategies help students find their voices.

With engaging readings and proven writing instruction, Subject & Strategy guides students in selecting, practicing, and mastering writing strategies that will help them succeed in any discipline. Instructive models show writing strategies in action, while innovative classroom exercises and writing assignments help students identify strategies in the readings and put them into practice. Students are encouraged to see themselves as writers, and comprehensive, accessible coverage of reading and writing, research, documentation, and grammar provides a foundation for success.

The new edition offers more support for active and critical reading, as well as compelling new readings by a diverse array of authors. Comprehensive writing instruction is enhanced when combined with Achieve for Readers and Writers, a flexible, integrated suite of tools for designing and facilitating writing assignments, paired with actionable insights that make students’ progress toward outcomes clear and measurable.

Features

Timely, diverse readings offer teachable models of classic and contemporary writing. 52 professional selections by acclaimed authors such as Maya Angelou, Stephen King, and Amy Tan and 11 model student essays show each writing strategy in the context of engaging topics, including the complexities of race and gender in the United States, social inequality, the power of language, climate change, and more. Each professional essay is accompanied by thought-provoking prompts for discussion, in-class activities, and writing.

Essential chapters on close reading, thoughtful writing, documenting sources, and fixing common grammar missteps prepare students for success. The first two chapters on reading and writing motivate and guide students through example-driven instruction in reading skills and the writing process, while the closing chapters on researching and documenting essays and editing for grammar, punctuation, and sentence style, function as a complete, student-friendly reference.

Detailed introductions to each rhetorical pattern give students the support they need when they need it. The chapter introductions guide students in selecting and utilizing the best strategy (or strategies) for their purpose, and include a “Visualizing the Strategy” activity as well as cross-disciplinary connections. Annotated examples and student essays show effective implementation of each writing strategy.

A focus on student voice in every rhetorical chapter includes a three-part approach:

an annotated student essay models how the student implemented the writing strategy
a reflective interview reveals how each student developed a process for reading and writing
a response question prompts student readers to consider how they might implement the same technique in their own writing

First-hand advice helps students see themselves as writers. The popular "Writers on Writing" chapter (Chapter 3) features influential contemporary writers such as Stephen King on "Reading to Write" and Anne Lamott on "Shitty First Drafts," using humor and inspiration to dispel the mysteries of the writing craft.

New to This Edition

Expanded coverage of the reading process includes a revised Chapter 1 that offers step-by-step instructions and helpful student models for reading actively — including annotating, outlining, summarizing — and reading critically for thesis, purpose, evidence, tone, assumptions, and biases. This emphasis is carried throughout the rhetorical chapters of the book with new “Questions for Critical Reading” that follow each selection.

25 new professional readings feature today’s compelling voices and topics:

Writer and activist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie confronts negative connotations associated with the word “feminist” in “We Should All Be Feminists.”
Poet and novelist Ocean Vuong recalls an incident from his childhood that made him aware of his power and purpose as a writer and immigrant in “Surrendering.”
Award-winning author Daniel James Brown contemplates the punishing demands and extraordinary beauty of “Competitive Rowing.”

Revised or new argument clusters on relevant and challenging topics:

The revised cluster, “Race and Privilege: How Do We Address a System of Bias?” explores the issue of systemic racism and includes all new essays by Rahawa Haile, Marvin Blakely, and Ward Connerly.
The new cluster, “Individualism and Collectivism: Where Do We Find Ourselves?” explores the rights and responsibilities of the individual when faced with global crises, such as climate change or a pandemic, that challenge us to act collectively. It includes essays by Robert Ginsburg, Robert Reich, and Tegan Tallulah.

A new student essay and reflection in Chapter 12, Argumentation, presents a researched argument that challenges the fallacy of either/or thinking in Mona Sablon’s “The Case for Art in the Time of a Pandemic.”

“I’ve had many students over the past few years comment about how accessible Subject & Strategy is. It’s approachable, the readings are interesting, and it gives students the tools they need to go on and write in other classes.”
-Heather Katzoff, Harrisburg Area Community College

“I love how this text uses reflection, modeling, and building strategic thinking in students to build depth and confidence in their writing.”
-Janette Kennedy, Christian Brothers University

“Subject & Strategy targets two of the most fundamental aspects of reading and writing, provides relatable, yet academic texts, and offers relevant questions for students and instructors.”
-Michelle Abbadessa, Lehigh Carbon Community College

Subject and Strategy

Paul Eschholz; Alfred Rosa

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Subject and Strategy

Sixteenth Edition 2022

Paul Eschholz; Alfred Rosa

New content and reading selections are identified by an asterisk (*)

Preface for Students
Council of Writing Program Administrators (WPA) Outcomes Statement
Preface for Instructors
Thematic Contents

*1. Reading Actively and Critically

                *Reading Actively: Developing a Basic Understanding of the Essay
                Step 1: Prepare Yourself to Read the Selection
                Step 2: Read the Selection:
                Cherokee Paul McDonald, A View from the Bridge
                Step 3: Read the Selection a Second Time, Annotating the Text
                An Example: Student Annotations for “A View from the Bridge”
                Student Reflection: Julie Dwire on Annotating a Reading
                Step 4: Outline and Summarize the Selection
                An Example: Julie Dwire’s Summary of “A View from the Bridge”
                Step 5: Answer the Questions on Subject and Questions on Strategy
                An Example: Julie Dwire Answers Study Questions
                Student Reflection: Julie Dwire on Answering Study Questions
               *Reading Critically: Taking Your Analysis to Another Level
                Identifying the Thesis
                Identifying the Purpose
                Evaluating Evidence
                Identifying Tone
                Identifying Assumptions and Biases
                Evaluating the Overall Effectiveness of an Essay
               *From Reading to Writing
                Reading Photographs and Visual Texts

2. Writing

Developing an Effective Writing Process

                Step 1: Understand Your Assignment
                Step 2: Gather Ideas and Formulate a Thesis
                Step 3: Organize and Write Your First Draft
                Step 4: Revise Your Essay
                Step 5: Edit and Proofread Your Essay
                A Student Essay in Progress
                Step 1: Keith’s Assignment
                Step 2: Keith’s Ideas
                Step 3: Keith’s First Draft
                Step 4: Keith’s Revised Essay
                Step 5: Keith’s Edited Essay
                Keith Eldred, Secular Mantras (student essay)

3. Writers on Writing

                *Jhumpa Lahiri, I Am, in Italian, a Tougher, Freer, Writer
                Russell Baker, Discovering the Power of My Words
                Anne Lamott, Shitty First Drafts
                Linda S. Flower, Writing for an Audience
                Stephen King, Reading to Write

4. Narration

                Understanding Narration as a Writing Strategy
                Using Narration Across the Disciplines
                Practical Advice for Writing an Essay of Narration
                Andrew Kauser, Challenging My Fears (student essay)
                Junot Díaz, The Terror
                David P. Bardeen, Not Close Enough for Comfort
                Toni Morrison, The Work You Do, The Person You Are
                *Ocean Vuong, Surrendering

5. Description

                Understanding Description as a Writing Strategy
                Using Description Across the Disciplines
                Practical Advice for Writing an Essay of Description
                Jim Tassé, Trailcheck (student essay)
                Jeannette Walls, A Woman on the Street
                Robert Ramírez, The Barrio
                Maya Angelou, Sister Flowers
                *Rochelle Riley, Can’t Help Lovin’ Dat Winter of Mine

6. Illustration

                Understanding Illustration as a Writing Strategy
                Using Illustration Across the Disciplines
                Practical Advice for Writing an Essay of Illustration
                Paula Kersch, Weight Management: More Than a Matter of Good Looks (student essay)
                Natalie Goldberg, Be Specific
                *Ben Crump, A Memorable Lesson
                Jennifer Ackerman, The Genius of Birds
                *Rebecca Solnit, Men Explain Things to Me

7. Process Analysis

                Understanding Process Analysis as a Writing Strategy
                Using Process Analysis Across the Disciplines
                Practical Advice for Writing an Essay of Process Analysis
                William Peterson, Juggling Is Easier Than You Think (student essay)
                Mortimer Adler, How to Mark a Book
                Cody Cassidy and Paul Doherty, What Would Happen If You Were Attacked by a Great White Shark?
                Alicia Ault, How Do Spiders Make Their Webs?
                *Katherine Luck, How to Write Haiku

8. Comparison and Contrast

                Understanding Comparison and Contrast as a Writing Strategy
                Using Comparison and Contrast Across the Disciplines
                Practical Advice for Writing an Essay of Comparison and Contrast
                Barbara Bowman, Guns and Cameras (student essay)
                Suzanne Britt, Neat People vs. Sloppy People
                *Kayann Short, Soil versus Dirt: A Reverie on Getting Down to Earth
                Andrew Vachss, The Difference between Sick and Evil
                *Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Exile in America

9. Division and Classification

                Understanding Division and Classification as a Writing Strategy
                Using Division and Classification Across the Disciplines
                Practical Advice for Writing an Essay of Division and Classification
                Katie Angeles, The Forgotten Personality Type (student essay)
                Judith Viorst, The Truth about Lying
                Richard Lederer, All-American Dialects
                Amy Tan, Mother Tongue
                *Martin Luther King Jr., Three Ways of Meeting Oppression

10. Definition

                Understanding Definition as a Writing Strategy
                Using Definition Across the Disciplines
                Practical Advice for Writing an Essay of Definition
                Howard Solomon Jr., Best Friends (student essay)
                Jo Goodwin Parker, What Is Poverty?
                Deborah M. Roffman, What Does Boys Will Be Boys Really Mean?
                Mark Peters, Virtue Signaling and Other Inane Platitudes
                *N. Scott Momaday, The Sacred Spell of Words

11. Cause and Effect Analysis

                Understanding Cause and Effect Analysis as a Writing Strategy
                Using Cause and Effect Analysis Across the Disciplines
                Practical Advice for Writing an Essay of Cause and Effect Analysis
                Kevin Cunningham, Gentrification (student essay)
                Jon Katz, How Boys Become Men
                Michael Jonas, The Downside of Diversity
                *Illyanna Maisonet, Why Spam Guisada Is the Perfect Dish to Make Right Now
                *Anthony Abraham Jack, I Was a Low-Income College Student: Classes Weren’t the Hard Part

12. Argumentation

                Understanding Argumentation as a Writing Strategy
                Using Argumentation Across the Disciplines
                Practical Advice for Writing an Essay of Argumentation
                *Mona Sablon, The Case for Art in the Time of a Pandemic (student essay)
                Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address
                *Andrea Long Chu, My New Vagina Won’t Make Me Happy
                *Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, We Should All Be Feminists
                *Ta-Nehisi Coates, The Paranoid Style of American Policing
                *James Temple, Suppressing Fires Has Failed. Here’s What California Needs to Do Instead
                ARGUMENT CLUSTER: Race and Privilege: How to Address A System of Bias?
                *Ward Connerly, America Is Not a Racist Country
                *Rahawa Haile, Going It Alone
                *Marvin Blakely, A Long Road to Hope
                ARGUMENT CLUSTER: Individualism and Collectivism: Where Do We Find Ourselves?
                *Robert Ginsburg, Collectivism and Individualism: Reflections from a Pandemic
                *Robert Reich, What Good Do We Have in Common?
                *Tegan Tallullah, Why We Can’t Rely on Individuals to Fix Climate Change

13. Writing with Sources

                What Does It Mean to Write with Sources?
                Writing with Sources
                Learning to Summarize, Paraphrase, and Quote from Your Sources
                Avoiding Plagiarism
                Katherine Kachnowski, Skin Cancer Is Not Just for Grandparents: Dispelling Widespread                 Misconceptions about This Disease (student essay)
                *Lily Huang, What Climate Change Means to Glacier National Park
                *Daniel James Brown, Competitive Rowing
                *Donna Hicks, Activate Empathy

14. A Brief Guide to Researching and Documenting Essays

                Establishing a Realistic Schedule
                Finding and Using Sources
                Evaluating Your Sources
                Analyzing Your Sources
                Developing a Working Bibliography for Your Sources
                Taking Notes
                Documenting Sources
                In-Text Citations
                List of Works Cited

15. Editing for Grammar, Punctuation, and Sentence Style

                Run-Ons: Fused Sentences and Comma Splices
                Sentence Fragments
                Comma Faults
                Subject-Verb Agreement
                Unclear Pronoun References
                Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
                Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers
                Faulty Parallelism
                Weak Nouns and Verbs
                Shifts in Verb Tense, Mood, and Voice
                Wordiness
                Sentence Variety

Glossary of Rhetorical Terms

Subject and Strategy

Sixteenth Edition 2022

Paul Eschholz; Alfred Rosa

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Paul Eschholz

Paul Eschholz and Alfred Rosa are professors emeriti of English at the University of Vermont. They have directed statewide writing programs and conducted numerous workshops throughout the country on writing and the teaching of writing. Eschholz and Rosa have collaborated on a number of best-selling texts for Bedford/St. Martins, including Subject & Strategy; Outlooks and Insights: A Reader for College Writers; Models for Writers; with Virginia Clark, Language Awareness; and, with Virginia Clark and Beth Simon, Language: Readings in Language.