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Phil McAndrew/The Cartoonbank/The New Yorker

ENGAGE 1.5-8
Times: An Informal Debate Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Not for redistribution.
(5 minutes) The importance of sleep
cannot be ignored. On the left half of Sleep loss affects our mood. Tiredness triggers testiness — more anger and conflicts (Keller
a piece of paper, have students list et al., 2019; Krizan & Hisler, 2019). Sleep loss also predicts depressive disorders (Palagini et al.,
®
AP Science Practice
three ways in which they would like to Research 2019). In two large studies, adolescents who slept 5 or fewer hours nightly had 70 percent and
improve in school subjects or extra- The statement that sleep loss 80 percent higher risks of depression and suicidal thinking, respectively, than peers who slept
8 hours or more (Gangwisch et al., 2010; Whitmore et al., 2018). Among a half million people
curricular and social activities. After predicts (as opposed to causes) from China, those who slept 5 or fewer hours a night had a more than doubled rate of depres-
depression implies correlational
you discuss the effects of sleep loss, methods. Remember – as is sion (Sun et al., 2018). This correlation appears to be one-way: When children and youth are
discussed in Unit 0 – correlation followed through time, sleep loss predicts depression, rather than vice versa (Gregory et al.,
have students write on the right side does not mean causation! 2009). (To assess whether you are one of the many sleep-deprived students, see Table 1.5-1.)
of the paper how the three items they REM sleep’s processing of emotional experiences helps protect against depression
listed might improve if they changed (Walker & van der Helm, 2009). This may help to explain why parentally enforced bedtimes
predict less depression. Later secondary school start times consistently produce more sleep,
or modified some of their sleep habits. better and more on-time attendance, improved alertness, and fewer car accidents among
students (Bowers & Moyer, 2017; Foss et al., 2019; Morgenthaler et al., 2016). Thus, the
American Academy of Pediatrics (2014) advocates delaying adolescents’ school start times
to “allow students the opportunity to achieve optimal levels of sleep (8.5–9.5 hours).” As
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AP Exam Tip
psychologist Roxanne Prichard notes, “Nothing gets worse with better sleep, and a lot of
PRACTICE Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
things get better” (Brody, 2018).
Make use of the psychological sci-
ence presented here. Be sure you When one psychology professor challenged students to sleep at least 8 hours each night
Argumentation (SP 4) get a good night’s sleep before during final exams week, those who completed the challenge earned higher final exam
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(One class period) Explain to the AP exam! grades (Scullin, 2019). The bottom line: Sleep better to perform better.
Lack of sleep can also make you gain weight. Sleep deprivation messes with our hor-
students that some experts believe mones, our metabolism, and our brain’s responses to food by
that early school start times work • increasing ghrelin, a hunger-arousing hormone, and decreasing its hunger-suppressing
against our natural biological partner, leptin (Shilsky et al., 2012).
rhythms and contribute to sleep • increasing cortisol, a stress hormone that stimulates the body to make fat, and decreasing
metabolic rate (Potter et al., 2017; Schmid et al., 2015).
debt. Use Student Activity: School • disrupting gene expression, which increases risk for heart disease and other negative
Start Times: An Informal Debate to health outcomes (Möller-Levet et al., 2013; Mure et al., 2018).
help students apply research on 104 Unit 1 Biological Bases of Behavior
sleep loss to a topic of interest to
them. Be sure students use scien-
tifically derived evidence to support
03_myersAPpsychology4e_28116_ch01_002_163.indd 104
their positions. ENGAGE 1.5-8 15/12/23 9:24 AM
M1.5c: School Start (Out of class) Psychologists know that
adequate sleep strengthens memory and
increases concentration—skills vital for aca-
demic success. Use Student Activity: Sleep
Strategies to give students more tools to
sleep well.

M1.5c: Sleep Strategies

104 Unit 1 Biological Bases of Behavior

03_HammerTE4e_47547_ch01_2a_163_4pp.indd 104 07/02/24 5:25 PM