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TABLE 1.5-3 Sleep Disorders
CONNECT 1.5-9 Disorder Rate Description Effects

Help your students connect the sleep Insomnia 1 in 5 adults (based on past Ongoing difficulty falling or staying Chronic tiredness, increased risk of
disorders in Table 1.5-3 to the sleep year’s symptoms) asleep. depression, obesity, hypertension, and
stages described in Module 1.5b. arthritic and fibromyalgia pain (Olfson
et al., 2018).
People with sleep disorders experience Narcolepsy 1 in 2000 adults Sudden attacks of overwhelming Risk of falling asleep at a dangerous
a disruption in the regular patterns of sleepiness. moment. Narcolepsy attacks usually
sleep, making their experience of these last less than 5 minutes, but they
patterns vastly different. The most dis- can happen at the worst and most
emotional times. Everyday activities,
ruption occurs with their REM patterns. such as driving, require extra caution.
Sleep apnea 1 in 20 adults Stopping breathing repeatedly Fatigue and depression (as a result
while sleeping. of slow-wave sleep deprivation).
Associated with obesity (especially
among men).
PRACTICE
Sleepwalking 1–15 in 100 in the general Repeated episodes of complex Few serious concerns. Sleepwalkers
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Not for redistribution.
population (NSF, 2020) motor behavior, such as walking, return to their beds on their own or
Research Methods & Design while asleep. Sleepwalking with the help of a family member,
(SP 2) happens in Stage 3 sleep. rarely remembering their trip the next
morning.
(5 minutes) Tell students that REM sleep behavior 1 in 100 adults for the Acting out the content of dreams Risk of accidental injury to the sleeping
some studies have shown a link disorder general population; 1 in while asleep, including vocalizing or person or to a bed partner.
between type 2 diabetes and sleep 50 adults for those over motor behaviors such as kicking or
apnea. Dr. Arthur Friedlander (2000) age 50 punching.
published a study suggesting that
patients with diabetes were three
times more likely to develop sleep AP Exam Tip
®
apnea. However, this link may be The most common quick fixes for true insomnia — sleeping pills and alcohol — typically
®
correlational rather than causal; that The AP exam could have you aggravate the problem by reducing REM sleep, causing concentration and memory prob-
identify and explain the differences
lems, and leaving the person with next-day blahs. Such aids can also lead to tolerance — a
is, being overweight may be a factor among the sleep disorders. For state in which increasing doses are needed to produce an effect. Better to visit a sleep spe-
example, you might be asked to
in both disorders. Use this example explain the difference between cialist to obtain a healthy long-term treatment plan.
sleep apnea and narcolepsy.
to remind students that correlations Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
enable prediction because they
show how two factors are related—
either positively or negatively. A
correlation can indicate the possi- AP Science Practice Check Your Understanding
®
bility of a cause-effect relationship, Examine the Concept Apply the Concept
but it does not prove the direction ▶ ▶Explain each of the sleep disorders presented in Table 1.5-3. ▶ ▶Imagine a friend tells you that they are having trouble sleeping
of the influence, nor does it show and are considering taking sleeping pills. How would you
respond?
whether an underlying third factor Answers to the Examine the Concept questions can be found in Appendix C at the end of the book.
may explain the correlation.
108 Unit 1 Biological Bases of Behavior

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PRACTICE
• Create a poster for display to
Argumentation (SP 4) educate other students about the
(Time varies) Divide students into small sleep disorder.
groups, and have each group research a • Write a newspaper item about the
different sleep disorder from Table 1.5-3. disorder for the school or local
Have the groups collect information on the newspaper.
causes, symptoms, and treatments of their • Create a PowerPoint presentation
disorder. Challenge students to go beyond for a seminar about sleep disorders
the information in the text. Groups can sponsored by the psychology club.
present their findings in any of the follow-
ing ways: Be sure they cite the scientifically
derived evidence for their findings.

108 Unit 1 Biological Bases of Behavior

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