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Module 1.5c

So, does this mean that because dreams serve physiological functions and extend
normal cognition, they are psychologically meaningless? Not necessarily. Every psycho-
logically meaningful experience involves an active brain. We are once again reminded
of a basic principle: Biological and psychological explanations of behavior are partners, not
competitors.

®
AP Science Practice Check Your Understanding
Examine the Concept Apply the Concept
▶ ▶Explain the theories that propose explanations for why we ▶ ▶Which explanation for why we dream makes the most sense
dream. to you? Explain how this theory would account for your own
dreams.
Answers to the Examine the Concept questions can be found in Appendix C at the end of the book.

Module 1.5c REVIEW CLOSE & ASSESS
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Not for redistribution.
Exit Activity
1.5-8 How does sleep loss affect us? • Fewer than 10 percent of dreams among men, and fewer
still among women, have any sexual content. (10 minutes) Ask students to engage
• Sleep deprivation causes fatigue and irritability, and it • There are four major contemporary views of the function in a “word splash” activity by giving
impairs concentration and memory consolidation. It can of dreams:
also lead to depression, obesity, joint inflammation, a sup- • Information processing/consolidation: Dreams help them the following words and asking
pressed immune system, and slowed performance (with us sort out the day’s events and consolidate them in them to use them in a single, mean-
greater vulnerability to accidents). memory. ingful sentence:
• Physiological function: Regular brain stimulation may
1.5-9 What are the major sleep disorders? help develop and preserve neural pathways in the • Insomnia
brain.
• Sleep disorders include insomnia (recurring problems in • Neural activation: The brain attempts to make sense of • Deprivation
falling or staying asleep), narcolepsy (sudden uncontrol- neural “static” by weaving it into a storyline.
lable sleepiness, sometimes lapsing directly into REM • Cognitive development: Dreams reflect the dream- • REM
sleep), sleep apnea (the repeated stopping of breathing ers’ level of development — their knowledge and • Dream (or dreaming)
while asleep; associated with obesity, especially in men),
and sleepwalking. understanding. As students share their sentences
• Most sleep theorists agree that REM sleep and its asso-
1.5-10 What do we dream, and what functions have ciated dreams serve an important function, as shown by with the class, take the opportunity to
the REM rebound that occurs following REM deprivation
theorists proposed for dreams? Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. review the content in this module.
in humans and other mammals.
• We usually dream of ordinary events and everyday ex-
periences, with most dreams involving some anxiety or CLOSE & ASSESS
misfortune.
Exit Assessment
(Out of class) Using Table 1.5-4
as a guide, have students write a
compare-and-contrast essay on the
theories of dreaming. Ask them which
theory they find the most compelling.
Remember: Take time to address any
Sleep: Sleep Loss, Sleep Disorders, and Dreams Module 1.5c 113
misinformation that comes up in this
assessment activity.

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Sleep: Sleep Loss, Sleep Disorders, and Dreams Module 1.5c 113

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