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CHAPTER 14 ​ ​ Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492–1560
1. Worlds Collide: Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The True History of the Conquest of New Spain (c. 1567)
2. Illustrating a Native Perspective: Lienzo de Tlaxcala (c. 1560) 000
3. Defending Native Humanity: Bartolomé de Las Casas, In Defense of the Indians (c. 1548–1550)
4. Scripture and Salvation: Martin Luther, Freedom of a Christian (1520)
5. Sources in Conversation: Reforming Christianity: John Calvin, Ordinances for the Regulation of Churches (1547), and Registers of Constitory of Geneva (1542–1543)
6. Responding to Reformation: St. Ignatius of Loyola, A New Kind of Catholicism (1546, 1549, 1553)

CHAPTER 15 ​ ​Wars of Religion and Clash of Worldviews, 1560–1648
1. Legislating Tolerance: Henry IV, Edict of Nantes (1598)
2. Barbarians All: Michel de Montaigne, Of Cannibals (1580s)
3. Defending Religious Liberty: Apology of the Bohemian Estates (May 25, 1618)
4. Codifying Poverty: City of Norwich Poor Rolls (1570)
5. The Scientific Challenge: Galileo, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina (1615)
6. Sources in Conversation: The Persecution of Witches: The Witch of Newbury (1643) and The Trial of Suzanne Gaudry (1652)

CHAPTER 16 ​ ​Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640–1715
1. The Sun King: Louis de Rouvroy, Duke of Saint-Simon, Memoirs (1694–1723)
2. Sources in Conversation: Regime Change: The Trial of Charles I and The Confession of Richard Brandon the Hangman (1649)
3. Civil War and Social Contract: Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651)
4. The Consent of the Governed: John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government (1690)
5. Opposing Serfdom: Ludwig Fabritius, The Revolt of Stenka Razin (1670)
6. Genre Painting: Pieter Bruegel the Younger, A Village Kermis (1628)

CHAPTER 17 ​ ​The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700–1750
1. Captivity and Enslavement: Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Written by Himself (1789)
2. Sources in Conversation A “Sober and Wholesome Drink”: A Brief Description of the Excellent Vertues of That Sober and Wholesome Drink, Called Coffee (1674) and The Coffee House Mob (1710)
3. A Domestic Drink: Richard Collins, “A Family at Tea” (c. 1726)
4. Westernizing Russian Culture: Peter I, Decrees and Statutes (1701–1723)
5. Early Enlightenment: Voltaire, Letters concerning the English Nation (1733)
6. Questioning Women’s Submission: Mary Astell, Reflections upon Marriage (1706)

CHAPTER 18 ​ ​The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750–1789 95
1. Rethinking Modern Civilization: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality among Men (1753)
2. An Enlightened Worker: Jacques-Louis Ménétra, Journal of My Life (1764–1802)
3. Reforming the Law: Cesare Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments (1764)
4. Reforming Commerce: Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)
5. Enlightened Monarchy: Frederick II, Political Testament (1752)
6. Sources in Conversation: Racism and the Enlightenment: David Hume, “Of National Characters” (1754), and Robert Hancock, “The Tea Party” (1756–1757)

CHAPTER 19 ​ ​The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789–1799
1. Defining the Nation: Abbé Sieyès, What Is the Third Estate? (1789)
2. The People under the Old Regime: Political Cartoon (1815)
3. Establishing Rights: National Assembly, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)
4. Sources in Conversation: A Call for Women’s Inclusion: Olympe de Gouges, Declaration of the Rights of Woman (1791), and Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)
5. Defending Terror: Maximilien Robespierre, Report on the Principles of Political Morality (1794)
6. Liberty for All?: Decree of General Liberty (August 29, 1793) and Bramante Lazzary, General Call to Local Insurgents (August 30, 1793)

CHAPTER 20 ​ ​Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800–1830
1. Napoleon in Egypt: The Chronicle of Abd al-Rahman al-Jabartî (1798)
2. Codifying French Law: Napoleon Bonaparte, The Civil Code (1804)
3. The Conservative Order: Prince Klemens von Metternich, Results of the Congress at Laybach (1821)
4. Challenge to Autocracy: Peter Kakhovsky, The Decembrist Insurrection in Russia (1825)
5. Sources in Conversation: The Romantic Imagination: Joseph M. W. Turner, Transept of Tintern Abbey (c. 1794), and Wordsworth, “Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey” (1798)
6. Musical Romanticism: Reviews of Beethoven’s Works (1799, 1812)

CHAPTER 21 ​ ​Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830–1850
1. Establishing New Work Habits: Factory Rules in Berlin (1844)
2. New Rules for the Middle Class: Sarah Stickney Ellis, Characteristics of the Women of England (1839)
3. Sources in Conversation: The Division of Labor: Testimony Gathered by Ashley’s Mines Commission (1842) and Punch Magazine, “Capital and Labour” (1843)
4. What Is the Proletariat?: Friedrich Engels, Draft of a Communist Confession of Faith (1847)
5. The Promise of Emigration: Gottfried Menzel, The United States of North America, With Special Reference to German Emigration (1853)
6. Demanding Political Freedom: Address by the Hungarian Parliament (March 14, 1848) and Demands of the Hungarian People (March 15, 1848)
7. Imperialism and Opium: Commissioner Lin, Letter to Queen Victoria (1839)

CHAPTER 22 ​ ​Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850–1870
1. Ending Serfdom in Russia: Peter Kropótkin, Memoirs of a Revolutionist (1861)
2. Fighting for Italian Nationalism: Camillo di Cavour, Letter to King Victor Emmanuel (July 24, 1858)
3. Realpolitik and Otto von Bismarck: Rudolf von Ihering, Two Letters (1866)
4. Social Evolution: Herbert Spencer, Progress: Its Law and Cause (1857)
5. Sources in Conversation: The Science of Man: Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man (1871), and Figaro’s London Sketch Book of Celebrities (1874)

CHAPTER 23 ​ ​Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870–1890
1. Defending Conquest: Jules Ferry, Speech before the French National Assembly (1883)
2. Subverting Empire: Imperial Federation Map of the World (1886)
3. Resisting Imperialism: Ndansi Kumalo, His Story (1890s)
4. Global Competition: Ernest Edwin Williams, Made in Germany (1896)
5. The Advance of Unionism: Margaret Bondfield, A Life’s Work (1948)
6. Sources in Conversation: Artistic Expression: Edgar Degas, Notebooks (1863–1884)

CHAPTER 24 ​ ​Modernity and the Road to War, 1890–1914
1. The Idealized Family: Sir Francis Galton, “Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope, and Aims” (1904), and International Eugenics Conference Poster (c. 1921)
2. Tapping the Human Psyche: Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900)
3. The Dreyfus Affair: Émile Zola, “J’accuse!” (January 13, 1898)
4. Militant Suffrage: Emmeline Pankhurst, Speech from the Dock (1908)
5. Sources in Conversation: Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism: Rudyard
Kipling, The White Man’s Burden and Editorial from the San Francisco Call (1899)
6. Exalting War: Heinrich von Treitschke, Place of Warfare in the State (1897–1898), and Henri Massis and Alfred de Tarde, The Young People of Today (1912)

CHAPTER 25 ​ ​World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914–1929
1. The Horrors of War: Fritz Franke and Siegfried Sassoon, Two Soldiers’ Views (1914–1918)
2. Mobilizing for Total War: L. Doriat, Women on the Home Front (1917)
3. Sources in Conversation: Revolutionary Marxism Defended: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, The State and Revolution (1917), and “He Who Does Not Work Does Not Eat” Plate (1921)
4. Establishing Fascism in Italy: Benito Mussolini, The Doctrine of Fascism (1932)
5. A New Form of Anti-Semitism: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (1925)

CHAPTER 26 ​ ​The Great Depression and World War II, 1929–1945
1. Collectivizing Farming: Antonina Solovieva, Sent by the Komsomol (1930s)
2. Socialist Nationalism: Joseph Goebbels, Nazi Propaganda Pamphlet (1930)
3. Sources in Conversation: The Spanish Civil War: Eyewitness Accounts of the Bombing of Guernica and Pablo Picasso, Guernica (1937)
4. Seeking a Diplomatic Solution: Neville Chamberlain, Speech on the Munich Crisis (1938)
5. The Final Solution: Sam Bankhalter and Hinda Kibort, Memories of the Holocaust (1938–1945)
6. Atomic Catastrophe: Michihiko Hachiya, Hiroshima Diary (August 7, 1945)

CHAPTER 27 ​ ​The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945–1960s
1. Stalin and the Western Threat: The Formation of the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) (1947)
2. Truman and the Soviet Threat: National Security Council, Paper Number 68 (1950)
3. Throwing Off Colonialism: Ho Chi Minh, Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Vietnam (1945)
4. The Psychology of Colonialism: Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (1961)
5. Sources in Conversation: The Condition of Modern Women: Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (1949) and Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963)
6. Cold War Anxieties: “How You Can Survive Fallout”: Life Magazine Cover and Letter from President John F. Kennedy (1961)

CHAPTER 28 ​ ​Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s–1989
1. Prague Spring: Josef Smrkovský, What Lies Ahead (February 9, 1968)
2. A Revolutionary Time: Student Voices of Protest (1968)
3. Children Fleeing from a Napalm Attack in South Vietnam: Nick Ut, Photograph (June 8, 1972) and Vanity Fair Interview (2015)
4. The Rising Power of OPEC: U.S. Embassy, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Ban on Oil Shipments to the United States October 23, 1973)
5. Facing Terrorism: Jacques Chirac, New French Antiterrorist Laws (September 14, 1986)
6. Sources in Conversation: Glasnost and the Soviet Press: Nina Andreyeva, Polemics, and Pravda Editorial, Principles of Perestroika (1988)

CHAPTER 29 ​A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present
1. Sources in Conversation: Ethnic Cleansing: The Diary of Zlata Filipović (March 5, 1992–June 29, 1992), and Aida Šehović, ŠTO TE NEMA (Why are you not here?) (2017)
2. An End to Apartheid: The African National Congress, Introductory Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (August 19, 1996)
3. Changing Global Economies: World Bank, World Development Indicators (2010)
4. Combating Climate Change: European Commission, “Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: The Road from Paris” (2016), and Reactions to the Paris Climate Agreement
5. Nationalism and the EU: Paresh Nath, European Nationalism Cartoon (2017)
6. Remembering European History: Tony Judt, “What Have We Learned, If Anything?” (2008)

Authors

Katharine J. Lualdi

Katharine J. Lualdi (Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania) is a scholar and educator whose passion is supporting student success within and beyond the classroom. As a scholar she has coedited Penitence in the Age of Reformations (Ashgate, 2000) and Handbook for Curates: A Late Medieval Manual of Pastoral Care (The Catholic University of America Press, 2011). She has also authored numerous articles and book chapters on sixteenth-century French Catholicism. After teaching history and religion at the University of Southern Maine for many years, she is now the director of TRIO student support services at Southern Maine Community College, a federally funded grant-based program serving low-income, first generation, and disabled college students with the goal of increasing their retention and graduation rates and helping them make the transition from one level of higher education to the next.

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