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cognitive impairment (Harvey, 2019). “Nearly 1 in 5 people who begin marijuana use
during adolescence become addicted,” warned U.S. Surgeon General Jerome Adams
ENGAGE 1.3-8 (Aubrey, 2019).
Attitudes toward marijuana use have changed remarkably — from 12 percent support
(15 minutes) In pairs, have students for legalizing marijuana in 1969 to 66 percent in 2019 (De Pinto, 2019; McCarthy, 2018).
explore the Substance Abuse and Some countries and U.S. states have legalized marijuana possession. Greater legal accep-
Mental Health Services Administration tance may explain why rates of Americans who have tried marijuana rose dramatically
between 1969 and 2019, from 4 to 45 percent, with 12 percent saying they now smoke
website (samhsa.gov). Tell them to marijuana (Gallup, 2019b).
focus on the “Data” tab. After * * *
10 minutes, have them report the Despite their differences, the psychoactive drugs summarized in Table 1.3-3 share a com-
most interesting thing they learned mon feature: They trigger changes to the brain and body that grow stronger with repetition.
and explain how it is related to this This helps explain both tolerance and withdrawal.
module.
TABLE 1.3-3 A Guide to Selected Psychoactive Drugs
Drug Type Pleasurable Effects Possible Negative Effects
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Not for redistribution.
Alcohol Depressant Initial high followed Depression, memory loss,
by relaxation and organ damage, impaired
disinhibition reactions
Heroin Depressant Rush of euphoria, Depressed physiology,
Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
relief from pain loss of natural endorphin
function
Caffeine Stimulant Increased alertness Anxiety, restlessness, and
and wakefulness insomnia in high doses
Nicotine Stimulant Arousal and Heart disease, cancer
relaxation, sense of
well-being
Cocaine Stimulant Rush of euphoria, Cardiovascular stress,
confidence, energy suspiciousness, depressive
crash
Methamphetamine Stimulant Euphoria, alertness, Irritability, insomnia,
energy hypertension, seizures
Ecstasy Stimulant; mild Emotional elevation, Dehydration, overheating,
(methylenedioxy- hallucinogen disinhibition depressed mood, impaired
methamphetamine, cognitive and immune
MDMA) functioning
LSD (lysergic acid Hallucinogen Visual “trip” Risk of panic
diethylamide)
Marijuana (delta-9- Mild hallucinogen Enhanced sensation, Impaired learning and
tetrahydrocannabinol, relief of pain, distortion memory, increased risk of
THC) of time, relaxation psychological disorders

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