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Look Inside Look Inside 21st Century Chemistry by Kimberley Waldron - Second Edition, 2019 from Macmillan Student Store
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21st Century Chemistry

Second Edition| ©2019 Kimberley Waldron

Waldron 21st Century Chemistry promotes scientific literacy and helps students understand chemistry applications in everyday life.  With an exceptionally clear and fresh writing style, Waldron engages non-science majors and provides a focus on environmental topics with Naturebox and...

Waldron 21st Century Chemistry promotes scientific literacy and helps students understand chemistry applications in everyday life.  With an exceptionally clear and fresh writing style, Waldron engages non-science majors and provides a focus on environmental topics with Naturebox and Green Beat features. Recurring Themes help students remember fundamental, take-away ideas and concepts so they can apply their knowledge of chemistry as they make choices as consumers, voters and overall informed citizens.

The new second edition of 21st Century Chemistry will include:

  • new content featuring fresh stories for roughly four of the Naturebox features and roughly three of the GreenBeats features. 
  • refreshed end-of-chapter content, including questions encouraging students to research their local environment using web resources.
  • media tools focused on a few key resources that address engagement and reading support, including videos of
  • current events and real-world applications, and LearningCurve reading quizzes. 
  • VitalSource e-book.
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Look Inside Look Inside 21st Century Chemistry by Kimberley Waldron - Second Edition, 2019 from Macmillan Student Store

The scientific understanding you need for the choices you make.

Waldron 21st Century Chemistry promotes scientific literacy and helps students understand chemistry applications in everyday life.  With an exceptionally clear and fresh writing style, Waldron engages non-science majors and provides a focus on environmental topics with Naturebox and Green Beat features. Recurring Themes help students remember fundamental, take-away ideas and concepts so they can apply their knowledge of chemistry as they make choices as consumers, voters and overall informed citizens.

The new second edition of 21st Century Chemistry will include:

  • new content featuring fresh stories for roughly four of the Naturebox features and roughly three of the GreenBeats features. 
  • refreshed end-of-chapter content, including questions encouraging students to research their local environment using web resources.
  • media tools focused on a few key resources that address engagement and reading support, including videos of
  • current events and real-world applications, and LearningCurve reading quizzes. 
  • VitalSource e-book.

Features

Engaging, Edgy Topics
  • Chapter Openers: Energy-generating dance floors, the world’s first lab-grown hamburger, and the Fukushima-Daiichi power plant disaster: the chapter openers explore every conceivable corner of chemistry.  Each chapter opener draws students into the chapter gently, introducing them to the key topics that will be covered in the chapter in a seamless and engaging way.

Environmental Focus

  • The Green Beat: Placed at the end of each chapter, The Green Beat explores a short, scientific news story related to the environment. For a complete understanding of the story, the student needs to apply the essential chemistry taught to them in the chapter. 
  • Natureboxes: Embedded in the center of every chapters, natureboxes forge a link between nature or the environment and the material introduced in the text.  More than asides, these short, cogent essays ask readers to apply what they have learned to the real world outside the pages of the text. 

Chemistry takeaways

  • Wait a Minute…: Students sometimes wonder about some facet of the material just introduced.  The Wait a Minute… feature tried to anticipate questions that naturally pop into curious minds and pauses the text to ask and answer that question in detail.
  • Recurring Themes: There are truisms that come up over and over again in the study of chemistry.  For example: “Chemical reactions are nothing more than exchanges or rearrangements of electrons.”  These statements, which we call Recurring Themes, reappear in new contexts throughout the book.  They are the fundamental, take-away ideas we hope every student remembers long after they finish their course in chemistry.
  • Flashback: The reader occasionally needs material from a previous section to fully understand new materials.  Rather than providing a simple reference, the Flashback feature is a margin note that succinctly explains the earlier concept, allowing students to continue reading.  A reference to the earlier material is also provide if students want to review further. 

Achieve Read & Practice

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  • LearningCurve quizzing for every chapter and built in study guide

New to This Edition

  • LearningCurve quizzing for every chapter
  • VitalSource eBook with robust eBook functionality and embedded videos related to chapter content and real-world examples.
  • New examples and applications for select naturebox and The Green Beat features.
  • New end-of-chapter content, including web research questions asking students to relate content to their community or region.
  • “I can’t wait to teach from Waldron’s text! My students and I have long enjoyed her engaging writing style. She explains difficult topics with such ease and clarity. Equally important, she complements her prose with strategically placed questions that allow students to assess their comprehension and conceptual understanding. All in all, 21st Century Chemistry is an excellent learning and teaching tool. The best of its kind.” —Barbara Zazzi, University of Hawaii/Hawaii Community College

    “Waldron’s book is perfect for students who want to learn the science behind how the world works but are unfamiliar with chemistry. She writes in a manner accessible to everyone and, most importantly, illustrates the chemistry concepts in the context of “real-world” stories. Students can really see why these concepts matter.” —Christopher Nichols, California State University, Chico

    “Designed specifically for the non-science major, Waldron uses examples from the media— as well as lesser-known facts—to introduce chemical principles in a way that is thorough yet accessible. The chapters build on one another so that instructors can pick and choose based on their own areas of expertise. The natureboxes, Green Beats, and environmental chapters are especially timely and will appeal to today’s students.” —Amber M. Hupp, College of the Holy Cross

    “21st Century Chemistry is engaging and easy-to-understand. By giving students a basic understanding of the science in the news today, Waldron equips students to make informed personal and societal choices, as well as helps them navigate the media’s presentation of data. A great book for beginning scientists or non-science majors.” —Tamara D. Hamilton, Barry University

    “21st Century Chemistry exposes students to current issues with a focus on using critical thinking skills and applying the scientific method. Topics range from the simple structure of atoms and the importance of water, to the more complex environmental issues and biochemistry of foods. Each topic is relevant, interesting, and clearly presented. The variety of topics also allows instructors the flexibility to adapt their course for students with varying levels of science background.” —Mary Bethé Neely, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

     "Kimberley Waldron has explained chemical principles in a clear and conversational tone, making the subject accessible by linking concepts to their modern applications and by clearly presenting solutions to example problems." —Eric Ball, Metropolitan State University of Denver

    Look Inside Look Inside 21st Century Chemistry by Kimberley Waldron - Second Edition, 2019 from Macmillan Student Store

    21st Century Chemistry

    Second Edition| ©2019

    Kimberley Waldron

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    Look Inside Look Inside 21st Century Chemistry by Kimberley Waldron - Second Edition, 2019 from Macmillan Student Store

    21st Century Chemistry

    Second Edition| 2019

    Kimberley Waldron

    Table of Contents

    1   The Story of Chemistry
    Thee Scientific Method: Think, Measure, Rethink xxiv
    1.1 The Scientific Method
    • This book will help you understand current
    science-related issues.
    • Scientists follow a system of peer review and
    reproducibility.
    • The scientific method tests scientific
    hypotheses.
    • A theory is a well-substantiated and tested
    hypothesis.
    • Scientists create models that make experimental
    data easier to understand.
    Key Words matter, atom, scientific method, hypothesis,
    theory, model
    naturebox Alien Bacteria and the Scientific
    Method
    1.2 Coming to Terms with the Very Large
    and the Very Small
    • Scientific notation allows us to work with really
    large and really small numbers.
    • There are two rules to remember when using
    scientific notation.
    Key Word scientific notation
    1.3 Metric Units, Conversion Factors, and Dimensional Analysis
    Chemists work with very large numbers of atoms
    because atoms are very small.
    • The metric system is an agreed-upon method of
    measurement used around the globe.
    • Conversion factors are fractions that express the
    same value—in different units—on the top and
    bottom.
    Key Words metric system, base unit, meter, conversion
    factor, dimensional analysis
    1.4 The Metric Epicurean
    • There are several legitimate ways to express
    volume and temperature.
    • We use the gram when we measure mass and the
    second when we measure time.
    Key Words liter, Celsius temperature scale, mass
    1.5 Juggling Measured Numbers
    • We can evaluate precision and accuracy for
    any repeated measurement that has a known
    standard.
    • Accuracy describes the closeness of a
    measurement to a known value.
    • Human beings use common sense to interpret
    results from calculators and scientific
    instruments.
    Key Words precision, accuracy, standard, global
    warming, climate change
    THEgreenBEAT News about the Environment:
    How Do We Measure Sea Level?
    Chapter 1 Themes and Questions

    2 Atoms
    All about Atoms and What’s Inside Them
    2.1 Atoms: The Basis for Everything
    • All matter is composed of atoms.
    • Atoms are composed of three types of particles:
    protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • Scientists define each element by its atomic
    number—the number of protons its atoms
    contain.
    Key Words radiation, charge, element, atomic symbol,
    nucleus, proton, electron, neutron, atomic number
    2.2 A Brief Introduction to the Periodic Table
    • The periodic table is the central organizing
    principle in chemistry.
    • Scientists make and study transuranium elements
    in specialized laboratories.
    Key Words periodic table, period, group
    2.3 Why Neutrons Matter
    • Atoms of a given element can contain different
    numbers of neutrons.
    • Samples of matter from different locations have
    distinctive distributions of isotopes.
    • Isotopic measurements can reveal answers to
    questions, such as the origin of marble in ancient
    monuments.
    Key Words mass number, isotope
    2.4 Electrons: The Most Important Particle
    for Chemists
    • Electrons are elusive.
    • Energy levels are a way to imagine the
    distribution of electrons around the nucleus.
    • The location of an electron with respect to the
    nucleus determines its role in the atom.
    Key Words electron density, chemical reaction,
    energy level
    2.5 Light and Its Interaction with Atoms
    • Electrons can be excited to higher energy
    levels.
    • Light is electromagnetic radiation.
    • The greater the energy of light, the shorter its
    wavelength.
    • A line spectrum is a pattern of lines of light that
    is characteristic of a given element.
    Key Words ground state, excited state, light,
    electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic spectrum,
    visible light, wavelength, line spectrum
    naturebox Light Pollution
    THEgreenBEAT Are Cell Phones Safe to Use?
    Chapter 2 Themes and Questions

    3 Everything
    The Ways We Organize and Classify Matter
    3.1 How Elements Are Distributed in Nature
    • We can divide the periodic table into metals,
    nonmetals, and metalloids.
    • The appearance of soil is partly a function of the
    elements it contains.
    • Like soil, the human body is a mixture of metals
    and nonmetals.
    Key Words metal, nonmetal, metalloid, organic,
    inorganic
    3.2 A Tour of the Periodic Table
    • Scientists organize the elements vertically and
    horizontally on the periodic table.
    • Each family of elements on the periodic table has
    its own family traits.
    Key Word period
    3.3 Categorizing Matter
    • It is not easy to put all matter into neat
    categories.
    • In everyday life, pure substances are not truly
    pure.
    • Mixtures contain more than one pure
    substance.
    Key Words pure substance, mixture, alloy
    3.4 Compounds and Chemical Formulas
    • We can classify matter according to the number
    of different elements it contains.
    • The chemical formula for Adderall can be
    deduced by looking at its structure.
    Key Words compound, law of constant composition,
    chemical formula
    naturebox The Problem with Gold Mining
    3.5 When Substances Change
    • The three states of matter are gas, liquid,
    and solid.
    • Many mixtures can be easily separated by
    physical means.
    • When a chemical change happens, substances
    become other substances.
    Key Words phase, solid, liquid, gas, physical change,
    chemical change
    THEgreenBEAT News about the Environment:
    E-Waste
    Chapter 3 Themes and Questions

    4 Bonds
    An Introduction to the Forces within Substances
    4.1 The Octet Rule
    • The noble gases are especially stable.
    • Electrons in an atom are either core electrons
    or valence electrons.
    • Atoms with eight valence electrons have special
    stability and obey the octet rule.
    Key Words noble gas, valence electron, core electron,
    octet rule, noble gas configuration, duet rule
    4.2 An Introduction to Bonding
    • Atoms achieve stability by gaining or losing
    electrons.
    • Lewis dot diagrams are a way to keep track
    of electrons.
    Key Words Lewis dot diagram, lone pair
    4.3 Ionic Bonds
    • Atoms gain stability by taking or giving away
    electrons.
    • The periodic table organizes ions according
    to charge.
    • Cations and anions combine in a way that
    balances their charges.
    • Most salts exist as crystals that have a repeating
    pattern of cations and anions.
    Key Words chemical bond, ion, cation, anion, ionic bond,
    ionic compound (salt), crystal, formula unit, control
    experiment
    naturebox Should We Use Silver Nanoparticles
    to Reduce Body Odor?
    4.4 Covalent Bonds and Bond Polarity
    • Atoms gain stability when they make molecules
    by sharing electrons in covalent bonds.
    • Covalent bonds can form between atoms of
    different elements.
    • Scientists depict salts and molecules differently
    because they have different types of bonds.
    Key Words covalent bond, molecule, diatomic molecule,
    nonpolar, polar
    4.5 Bonding in Metals
    • For substances that are composed only of metals,
    metallic bonds hold atoms together.
    • Metals are malleable and conduct electricity.
    Key Word metallic bond
    4.6 Determining the Type of Bond between Two Atoms
    • Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to
    draw electrons toward itself.
    • The proximity of elements on the periodic table is
    a clue to the type of bond that will form between
    them.
    Key Word electronegativity
    THEgreenBEAT News about the Environment:
    Collaborative Consumption
    Chapter 4 Themes and Questions

    5 Carbon
    Elemental Carbon, Organic Molecules,
    and Carbon Footprints
    5.1 Why Is Carbon Special?
    • Carbon has special properties because of its
    small size.
    • A carbon atom can form four bonds.
    • We draw molecules in a way that shows they
    are three-dimensional.
    • Diamonds are strong thanks to a threedimensional
    network of covalent bonds.
    Key Words uniqueness principle, methane, molecular
    structure, tetrahedron, network solid
    5.2 Graphite, Graphene, Buckyballs, and the Multiple Bond
    • A carbon atom can form multiple bonds to other
    atoms.
    • Carbon atoms form four bonds in various
    ways.
    • Carbon’s allotropes feature examples of single
    bonds and multiple bonds.
    • When atoms share more than two electrons,
    the bonds between them are shorter and
    stronger.
    • The buckyball is an allotrope of carbon.
    Key Words multiple bond, allotrope, bond energy, bond
    length, carbon footprint, buckyball, greenhouse gas
    naturebox Assessing Carbon Footprints
    5.3 Making Sense of Organic Molecules
    • The most common elements in organic molecules
    each form a predictable number of bonds.
    • Chemists use line structures to draw organic
    molecules.
    Key Words hydrocarbon, heteroatom, line structure,
    full structure
    5.4 Selected Organic Functional Groups
    • There is a remarkable diversity of organic
    molecules.
    • Sulfides contain a sulfur atom in a hydrocarbon
    framework.
    • Carboxylic acids are an important class of organic
    molecules with many varied uses.
    • Amines are found in molecules that affect the
    brain.
    Key Words functional group, sulfide, carboxylic acid,
    amine
    THEgreenBEAT News about the Environment:
    Carbon Capture and
    Sequestration
    Chapter 5 Themes and Questions

    6 Air
    A Study of the Gases in Our Atmosphere
    6.1 The Nature of Gases
    • Of the three phases of matter, gases are the
    simplest.
    • Gas particles move fast and are far apart from
    one another.
    • Fast-moving gas particles mix together quickly
    and completely.
    Key Word diffusion
    6.2 Pressure
    • The pressure that a gas exerts is related to the
    collisions the gas particles make with their
    container.
    • Pressure is a force applied to a surface.
    • Atmospheric pressure changes with altitude.
    • A gas particle’s mean free path is the distance
    it travels between collisions.
    • Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted on
    us by air in the environment.
    Key Words pressure, mean free path, atmospheric
    pressure, barometer, millimeters of mercury (mm Hg),
    atmosphere (atm)
    naturebox Is Natural Gas the Ultimate Energy Resource?
    6.3 Variables That Affect Gases: Moles, Temperature, Volume, and Pressure
    • The mole allows us to count very small things,
    such as atoms and molecules.
    • Four variables dictate the behavior of a gas.
    Key Words STP, mole, molar volume, Avogadro’s number,
    variable
    6.4 The Gas Laws: An Introduction
    • Pressure and volume are inversely proportional
    to one another.
    • If we change the number of moles of gas, the
    volume of the gas increases.
    • If we change the temperature of a gas,
    the volume or pressure changes.
    Key Words gas law, Boyle’s law, Avogadro’s law,
    Amonton’s law, Charles’s law
    THEgreenBEAT News about the Environment:
    Bees as Gas Detectives
    Chapter 6 Themes and Questions

    7 Chemical Reactions
    How We Keep Track of Chemical Changes
    7.1 Sparks! The Thermite Reaction
    • Balanced chemical equations represent chemical
    reactions.
    • The total number of each type of atom must
    be the same on both sides of a chemical
    equation.
    • We add coefficients to reactants and/or products
    to balance chemical equations.
    • Balancing equations is a trial-and-error
    process.
    Key Words chemical equation, reactant, product,
    coefficient, law of conservation of mass
    7.2 Atomic Accounting
    • We can view a chemical equation from different
    perspectives.
    • The mole is a counting device that helps us to
    think on a macroscopic scale.
    • Molar mass is a way to convert mole units to mass
    units.
    • We can calculate molar mass for any element or
    compound.
    Key Words atomic scale, laboratory scale, molar mass
    7.3 Stoichiometry
    • Stoichiometry allows us to use chemical
    equations to perform chemical reactions.
    • We can use chemical equations to scale up
    or scale down a chemical reaction.
    • Balanced chemical equations obey the law
    of conservation of mass.
    Key Words stoichiometry, combustion
    naturebox Two Ozone Holes?
    7.4 Chemical Reactions in the Real World
    • Real chemical reactions are usually not as
    straightforward as their equations imply.
    • A reaction energy diagram illustrates the progress
    of a chemical reaction.
    • Reactants must scale an energy hill to become
    products.
    • Catalysts make chemical reactions go faster.
    Key Words side product, reaction energy diagram,
    endothermic, exothermic, activation energy, catalyst,
    methane
    THEgreenBEAT News about the Environment:
    Cow Flatulence and Global
    Warming
    Chapter 7 Themes and Questions

    8 Water
    Why Water Is Critical for Human Beings
    and the Planet
    8.1 Water Footprints
    • A water footprint tallies the total water use by a
    person, a business, a country, or the planet.
    • Fresh water is only a small percentage of all the
    water on Earth.
    • Much of Earth’s freshwater supply is
    polluted.
    • In the United States, drinking water is protected
    by the Safe Drinking Water Act.
    Key Words water footprint, potable, fresh water,
    water cycle, evaporation, water vapor, condensation,
    precipitation, sublimation, Superfund site, Safe Drinking
    Water Act, flocculant
    8.2 The Nature of Liquid Water
    • Intermolecular forces are forces between
    molecules.
    • Hydrogen bonds are the strongest type
    of intermolecular force.
    • Water molecules are polar and experience
    dipole–dipole interactions.
    • Ice is less dense than water.
    Key Words intermolecular force, hydrogen bond, dipole,
    dipole–dipole interaction, density
    naturebox Songbirds and Hydrogen Atoms
    8.3 Changing Phases: Water and Ice
    • Freezing and melting occur at the same
    temperature.
    • Freezing of water contributes to hurricane-force
    winds.
    • While a substance changes phase, its temperature
    remains constant.
    • Heating curves illustrate how phases change.
    • Water has a high specific heat.
    Key Words freezing point, melting point, heating curve,
    specific heat, passive solar
    8.4 Changing Phases: Water and Water Vapor
    • The boiling point of water depends on
    altitude.
    • Summary: During phase changes, intermolecular
    forces are made and broken.
    Key Word boiling point
    THEgreenBEAT News about the Environment:
    Should We Be Spiking Our Drinking
    Water?
    Chapter 8 Themes and Questions

    9 Salts and Aqueous Solutions
    The Nature of Salts and How They Interact
    with Water
    9.1 Review: The Nature of Salts
    • Salts are ionic solids.
    • Salts pack tightly into a crystalline lattice.
    Key Words cation, anion
    9.2 Polyatomic Ions
    • Egyptian mummies can help us understand the
    behavior of salts.
    • Polyatomic ions include multiple atoms and one
    or more charges.
    • Salts are electrically neutral.
    Key Words monatomic ion, simple salt, polyatomic ion
    9.3 The Hydration of Ions
    • Water molecules are polar and contain a
    dipole.
    • Cations and anions are hydrated by water
    molecules.
    • Most salts easily dissolve in water because salts
    and water are both polar substances.
    • A dynamic equilibrium exists in a saturated salt
    solution.
    Key Words hydration, ion–dipole interaction, aqueous
    solution, dissolve, solvent, solute, dissociation, solubility,
    saturated solution, precipitation, equilibrium
    9.4 Concentration and Electrolytes
    • Gatorade is an electrolyte solution.
    • Molarity indicates how much solute is dissolved
    in a given volume of solvent.
    • There are several ways to express
    concentration.
    Key Words electrolyte, concentration, molarity, mass
    percent
    naturebox Fish Out of Water
    9.5 Osmosis and Concentration Gradients
    • Living cells use semipermeable membranes
    to control the flow of substances through the
    organism.
    • Concentration gradients for various ions are
    maintained across cell membranes.
    Key Words semipermeable membrane, osmosis
    THEgreenBEAT Is It Possible to Drink Too Much Water?
    Chapter 9 Themes and Questions

    10 pH and Acid Rain
    Acid Rain and Our Environment
    10.1 The Autoionization of Water
    • There are two ways to depict protons in aqueous
    solutions.
    • Water molecules can break apart and form
    ions.
    Key Words hydronium ion, autoionization, hydroxide
    ion, acid, acidic solution
    10.2 Acids, Bases, and the pH Scale
    • Acids ionize in water to produce protons.
    • The pH expresses proton concentration.
    • Acidic solutions have pH values less than
    7.00.
    • Basic solutions have pH values greater than
    7.00.
    • We use the pH scale to describe acid or base
    strength.
    • What can pink polka-dotted airplanes tell us
    about the measurement of pH?
    Key Words dissociation, strong acid, weak acid, pH,
    neutral, acidic, basic, base, indicator, corrosion
    10.3 Acid Rain Part I: Sulfur-Based Pollution
    • Compounds in air dissolve in water and change
    the water’s pH.
    • Sulfur compounds are one of two major sources
    of acid rain.
    • Sulfur dioxide can be scrubbed from coal plant
    flue gases.
    • Some types of coal produce more sulfur dioxide
    than others.
    • Even clean coal is a dirty, nonrenewable source
    of energy.
    Key Words acid rain, Clean Air Act, Environmental
    Protection Agency (EPA), parts per million (ppm), parts
    per billion (ppb), clean coal plant, flue gas desulfurization
    naturebox Using Ionic Liquids to Address Modern Environmental Problems
    10.4 Acid Rain Part II: Nitrogen-Based Pollution
    • Industrial and agricultural uses of nitrogen disrupt
    the nitrogen cycle.
    • Nitrogen oxides are by-products of burning
    gasoline and contribute to acid rain.
    • Catalytic converters reduce the emission
    of harmful gases from cars.
    • NOx emissions have decreased more slowly than
    SO2 emissions.
    Key Words fixation, eutrophication, dead zone, catalytic
    converter
    10.5 The Effects of Acid Rain
    • Natural waters have a limited tolerance for added
    acid or base.
    • Acid rain harms forests as well as bodies of
    water.
    • Acid rain deprives soils of nutrients and releases
    toxins that damage trees.
    Key Words buffer, neutralization, liming
    THEgreenBEAT Caught Pink Handed?
    Chapter 10 Themes and Questions

    11 Nukes
    The Fundamentals of Nuclear Chemistry
    11.1 The Nature of Nuclear Reactions
    • We owe our current understanding of
    radioactivity and nuclear reactions, in large part,
    to the work of four women.
    • Nuclear reactions differ from chemical
    reactions.
    • In a nuclear equation, the neutrons and protons
    are usually balanced on each side.
    • There are three important types of radioactive
    decay.
    Key Words radioactive, nuclear fission, nuclear reaction,
    radioactive decay, alpha decay, beta decay, gamma
    radiation
    11.2 Energy from the Nucleus
    • Most nuclear reactions produce much more
    energy than chemical reactions.
    • Chain reactions take place in a nuclear
    reactor.
    • Uncontrolled chain reactions occur when fission
    bombs are detonated.
    Key Words control rods, chain reaction, critical mass
    11.3 It’s a Wonderful Half-Life
    • Radon gas is a natural form of radiation.
    • Half-life is the time it takes for one-half of a
    radioactive sample to decay.
    Key Words radon, radioactive decay series, half-life
    naturebox Who’s Going to Take Out the Trash?
    11.4 Living Organisms and Radiation
    • Nuclear medicine uses radioactive isotopes to
    treat and diagnose diseases.
    • There are different ways to express radiation dose
    and exposure.
    Key Words radioactive tracer, sievert (Sv), rem, passive
    nuclear safety
    THEgreenBEAT News about the Environment:
    Are Our Nuclear Power Plants
    Safe Enough?
    Chapter 11 Themes and Questions

    12 Energy, Power, and Climate Change
    New Ways to Generate Power and Store Energy
    12.1 Energy and Power
    • Energy can be converted from one form to
    another.
    • Power expresses energy use over time.
    • Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
    Key Words energy, force, power, watt, first law of
    thermodynamics
    12.2 Fossil Fuels: What They Are and Where We Get
    Them
    • Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon mixtures.
    • Refineries separate crude oil into usable
    fractions.
    Key Words fossil fuel, fractionation
    12.3 Fossil Fuels and Climate Change
    • Fuels combust in the presence of oxygen
    molecules.
    • A car’s fuel economy is related to its power.
    • Climate change is the result of global
    warming.
    • Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels reached
    400 ppm in 2013.
    Key Words gasoline, fuel economy, greenhouse effect,
    enhanced greenhouse effect
    12.4 Meeting New Environmental Standards
    • Paradigm shifts occur when old approaches are
    challenged.
    • U.S. CAFE laws set minimum levels on fuel
    economy for cars and trucks.
    Key Words Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) laws
    naturebox Ice-Core Measurements
    12.5 Storing Energy in Hydrogen Molecules
    • Fuel cells use redox reactions to produce
    electricity and water.
    • Redox reactions combine oxidation and
    reduction half-reactions.
    • Fuel cells are limited by the availability of
    hydrogen gas.
    Key Words electrolysis, fuel cell, electrochemical cell,
    oxidation, reduction, redox reaction, anode, electric
    current, cathode
    12.6 Energy from the Sun
    • The sun is a virtually limitless source of
    energy.
    • Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electrical
    energy.
    • Rechargeable batteries are electrochemical cells
    that can be used to store solar energy.
    • Solar energy can be used anywhere the sun
    shines.
    Key Words photosynthesis, deforestation, solar energy,
    photovoltaic cell, semiconductor, battery, net metering
    THEgreenBEAT News about the Environment:
    Energy Use by Internet Server
    Farms
    Chapter 12 Themes and Questions

    13 Sustainability and Recycling
    Finding Better Ways to Use (and Reuse)
    Our Resources
    13.1 What Is Sustainability?
    • Sustainability is the capacity to endure.
    • A life-cycle assessment accounts for the energy
    and materials that go into making a product.
    • It is possible to estimate the environmental
    impact of a product or process.
    • Cradle-to-cradle design includes a plan for
    product reuse.
    Key Words biodegrade, sustainability, life-cycle
    assessment (LCA), cradle-to-cradle, bisphenol A (BPA)
    naturebox TBD
    13.2 What Is Plastic?
    • Plastics are made from polymers, which are large
    organic molecules.
    • Natural rubber is a polymer called
    polyisoprene.
    Key Words monomer, polymer, plastic
    13.3 The Physical Properties of Polymers
    • The structure of a polymer often dictates its
    physical properties.
    • Polymers can be designed for rigidity and
    toughness.
    • Crystallites can make polymers more rigid.
    Key Words hydrophobic, hydrophilic, amide, cross-links,
    crystallite
    13.4 Recyclable and Sustainable Plastics
    • We can categorize plastics as thermoplastic
    polymers or thermosetting polymers.
    • Plastics are recycled according to their resin ID
    codes.
    • Recycled plastics can be made into new products
    and structures.
    • Waste plastics that are not recycled end up in the
    landfill or the incinerator.
    • The structure of a polymer dictates its
    biodegradability.
    Key Words thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting
    polymers, resin ID code, VOC, recyclable, bioplastic,
    lightweighting
    THEgreenBEAT News about the Environment:
    Landfills, Paper, and the Menace
    of Single-Use Water Bottles
    Chapter 13 Themes and Questions

    14 Food
    The Biochemistry of the Foods We Eat
    14.1 Protein: The Most Critical Nutrient
    • The human body needs a mixture of fuels for
    optimal health.
    • Both micronutrients and macronutrients are part
    of a balanced diet.
    • Amino acids are the monomers that make up
    proteins, which are polymers.
    • Protein chains can fold into globular
    proteins.
    • Structural proteins play mechanical and structural
    roles.
    Key Words nutrient, macronutrient, biomolecule,
    micronutrient, malnutrition, protein, amino acid, peptide
    bond, disulfide bond, globular protein, enzyme
    14.2 How Proteins Are Made
    • DNA is a polymer of nucleotides.
    • Genes within DNA are transcribed into RNA,
    which is translated into protein.
    Key Words deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), nucleic acid,
    nitrogenous base, nucleotide, complementary base pair,
    double helix, gene, ribonucleic acid (RNA), transcription,
    genetic code, triplet, translation
    14.3 Genetic Engineering and GMOs
    • Genetic engineering alters the DNA of food
    crops.
    • Genetic engineering is used to grow herbicideor
    insect-resistant food crops.
    • The use of certain GMOs is controversial.
    Key Words genetic engineering, genetically modified
    organism (GMO), transgenic organism
    naturebox The Demise of Natural Orange Juice 432
    14.4 Carbohydrates
    • There is an obesity epidemic among children and
    adults in the United States.
    • Carbohydrates can be simple or complex, and
    grains can be refined or whole.
    • Digestion breaks down complex carbohydrates
    into monosaccharides and disaccharides.
    Key Words body mass index (BMI), carbohydrate,
    saccharide, sugar, complex carbohydrate, whole grain,
    dietary fiber
    14.5 Fats
    • Human beings store energy in the form of
    fat.
    • Lipids are hydrophobic molecules that are not
    polymeric.
    • Many properties of fatty acids depend on
    the number of double bonds the fatty acids
    contain.
    • Fatty acids are stored in the form of
    triglycerides.
    Key Words lipid, hydrophobic, fatty acid,
    triacylglyceride, trans fat, hydrogenation, biodiesel
    Chapter 14 Themes and Questions
    Appendix A Working with Measured Numbers:
    Significant Figures
    Appendix B Answers to Odd-Numbered End-of-Chapter
    Questions
    Glossary
    Index

    Look Inside Look Inside 21st Century Chemistry by Kimberley Waldron - Second Edition, 2019 from Macmillan Student Store

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    Kimberley Waldron

    Dr. Kimberley Waldron is a Professor of Chemistry at Regis University in Denver, Colorado, where she teaches courses at all levels. Her area of specialty is inorganic chemistry. Professor Waldron was raised in the Washington, DC area and completed her undergraduate work at the University of Virginia, where she did undergraduate research in analytical chemistry. She worked as an analytical chemist at E.I. DuPont de Nemours before entering graduate school at Virginia Commonwealth University. She received a Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry with a specialization in biological chemistry. Professor Waldron then became a post-doctoral fellow at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California, before moving to Boulder, Colorado, to work in the biotechnology industry. She joined the faculty at Regis University in 1995. Professor Waldron lives in Denver with her family, including two cats, two dogs, and two kids.

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