Exploring American Histories, Combined Volume by Nancy Hewitt; Steven Lawson - Fourth Edition, 2022 from Macmillan Student Store
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Exploring American Histories, Combined Volume

A Survey with SourcesFourth Edition ©2022 Nancy Hewitt; Steven Lawson

A diversity of people and perspectives with sources integrated in every chapter

Exploring American Histories offers a unique pedagogical framework that brings a variety of perspectives to life. By weaving sources into the story using a building blocks approach, culm...

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ISBN:9781319409746

ISBN:9781319244491

Exploring American Histories, Combined Volume by Nancy Hewitt; Steven Lawson - Fourth Edition, 2022 from Macmillan Student Store

NOW WITH ACHIEVE—Engage every student with Macmillan's affordable and easy-to-use digital option

A diversity of people and perspectives with sources integrated in every chapter

Exploring American Histories offers a unique pedagogical framework that brings a variety of perspectives to life. By weaving sources into the story using a building blocks approach, culminating in a multi-source project organized around a single topic at the end of each chapter, the book helps students understand how sources form the basis of historical narratives and how to think critically about them. 

Exploring American Histories is available in Achieve, Macmillan’s breakthrough complete course platform, and in print volumes. Achieve provides access to the narrative as well as a wealth of primary sources along with formative and summative assessments and robust insight reports at the ready, all in one accessible product. Achieve offers the easiest way to engage students, help them build historical thinking skills, and tailor teaching to student needs, whether the course is taught online or in person. Achieve can be adopted on its own or in a package with the print book.

Features

Building-Blocks Approach to Analyzing Primary and Secondary Sources Strengthens Historical Thinking Skills. Designed to build confidence in students’ ability to work with sources, each chapter contains seven to eight primary sources with unique pedagogy aimed at helping students make connections between the sources and the text’s major themes. In each chapter, students progress from working with a single source (Guided Primary Source Analysis), to comparing paired sources (Comparative Primary Source Analysis), to tackling a set of sources from varied perspectives (Primary Source Project). Students also have the chance to evaluate how historians use primary sources to construct their own interpretations (Comparative Secondary Source Analysis). The skill building is maximized in Achieve where each source feature includes an auto-graded quiz as part of the wrap-around pedagogy.　

Rich diversity of perspectives in American history. More than 220 written and visual sources highlight a range of perspectives on social, political, economic, international, and cultural developments and allow students to formulate interpretations of their own. Sources include first-hand accounts by Native Americans, enslaved Africans, free blacks, racial and ethnic minorities, immigrants, rural residents, working people, women, and young people. Working with both familiar and lesser known sources, students will experience American history from a rich assortment of vantage points.

Authors are experienced teachers and respected scholars you can trust to engage students. Distinguished scholars and experienced U.S. survey teachers Nancy Hewitt and Steven Lawson bring extensive teaching experience and a strong command of the scholarship to guide them in choosing important stories of American history and sources most likely to engage students.　

Achieve, Macmillan Learning’s innovative new learning platform, pairs new teaching and assessment options with powerful insights into student work, so instructors can do more. Achieve comes loaded with the full-color e-book, the companion source reader, and formative and summative assessments which are tagged to learning objectives that are aligned with Bloom’s Taxonomy. Drawing on principles of instructional design, Achieve provides customizable pre-built course options and resource filters that help instructors set up their courses with ease, and these courses can be integrated with all major LMS systems. Assignments and activities in Achieve include:　

  • LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, designed to get students to read the text before class;
  • reflection activities that invite students to reflect on what they have read in each chapter;　
  • instructor activity guides that instructors can use in class for either remote or in-person collaborative learning;　
  • source and feature quizzes;　
  • research and writing tutorials; and
  • map quizzes.

Robust reports in Achieve give instructors insights into student progress toward meeting learning objectives as well as how they have progressed on assignments so instructors can give students support where they need it most. Available with training and support, Achieve can help you take your teaching to a new level.

A range of options offers convenience and value. While Achieve offers the most powerful combination of resources and assessments at a low-cost price, it can also be packaged with one of the print versions for a small upcharge. In addition to the comprehensive version with sources, this edition is also available in a two-color Value edition (contains the unabridged narrative but no sources). The Value edition is also available in a steeply-discounted loose-leaf format. E-books for both book formats provide other low-cost options.　　

New to This Edition

New biographies in the chapter-opening Comparing American Histories reflect continued attention to racial and ethnic diversity. Among the new profiles are Powhatan, leader of the largest native confederacy in the mid-Atlantic region (chapter 2); Elizabeth (Mum Bett) Freeman whose freedom suit contributed to Massachusetts ending slavery during the American Revolution (chapter 6); José Antonio Menchaca a Tejano military leader who fought for Texas independence (chapter 11); Pauli Murray, the African American civil rights activist and feminist (chapter 27); and Alicia Garza, the African American community organizer and co-founder of Black Lives Matter (chapter 29).

Expanded coverage of diversity provides even greater representation of diverse peoples. For example, in chapter 3, coverage of Native Americans has been amplified and more names of specific tribes are included to highlight the variety and number of Native American nations. Chapter 6 has been reorganized in order to expand coverage of multi-ethnic, multiracial forces fighting on both sides in the Revolution. Chapter 21 includes new coverage of the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921. And, chapter 26 includes coverage of Mexican American activist, Rejes Tijerna, and also the 1968 Bilingual Education Act. In addition to attention to regional, racial, and ethnic diversity, coverage of other historical developments has been updated such as systemic racism, pandemics, and the development of capitalist systems in various periods.　

New Primary Source Projects provide students with fresh primary source materials to engage with, such as a project on Cherokee engagement with white society in Chapter 9 and a project on women’s suffrage and the ratification of the nineteenth amendment in Chapter 19.　

Adjustments to chapter organization specifically in Chapters 12 and 13 allow for extended discussions on American Indians, Mexican Americans, African Americans and women during the Civil War and of black refugees who used the chaos of war to claim their independence.　

Updates to the narrative include material on the divisive 2020 presidential election, the COVID-19 pandemic; the police killings of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor and the nationwide protests they inspired; the collapse of the U.S. economy caused by the pandemic; and the January 6, 2021 insurrection at the Capitol; and the subsequent second impeachment of Trump.

"Exploring American Histories strikes the most effective balance between accessible narrative overview and in-depth primary and secondary source analysis that engages with diverse perspectives and nuanced interpretative framing of major patterns of historical cause and effect and change over time, all with built-in scaffolding to encourage and enhance student comprehension and engagement, but without becoming overbearing in frequency or overwhelming in scope."　

—Trey Welborn, Georgia College & State University

"History education in both higher and secondary education is undergoing a considerable paradigm shift away from an exclusive and problematic focus on coverage toward the integration of historical content and historical thinking skills. Exploring American Histories is the strongest textbook available in terms of exposing students to this exciting, integrative approach to studying the past."

—Richard Hughes, Illinois State University

"Exploring American Histories offers primary source document projects with each of the chapters, thus enabling students to critically analyze materials from the period under consideration. This is the biggest strength of this book. I also find the narrative flows very well and students enjoy the bold key terms to help study for quizzes/exams. The prevalence of primary source documents in the text distinguishes it from others, as most other textbooks require you purchase an additional primary source reader. This is an appealing and useful distinction, especially when textbook costs can be prohibitive for many students."

—Melissa Franson, SUNY College at New Paltz

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Table of Contents

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.　
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-14.　
Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-29.

NOTE: Achieve for Exploring American Histories, 4e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the main text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the book and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.

 

Preface
Versions and Supplements
Maps, Figures, and Tables
How to Use This Book

　

Chapter 1

Mapping Global Frontiers, to 1590 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Malintzin and Martin Waldseemüller 

Native Peoples in the Americas 

Native Peoples Develop Diverse Cultures 

The Aztecs, the Maya, and the Incas 

Native Cultures to the North 

Europe Expands Its Reach 

The Mediterranean World 

Portugal Pursues Long-Distance Trade 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 1.1 Martin Waldseemüller and Mathias Ringmann, Universalis Cosmographia, 1507 

European Encounters with West Africa 

Worlds Collide 

Europeans Cross the Atlantic 

Europeans Explore the Americas

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Who Are These Native People?

Source 1.2 Christopher Columbus, Description of His First Encounter with Indians, 1492　

Source 1.3 Antonio Pigafetta, Journal, 1521 

Mapmaking and Printing 

The Columbian Exchange 

Europeans Make Claims to North America 

Spaniards Conquer Indian Empires

Spanish Adventurers Head North 

Europeans Compete in North America 

Spain Seeks Dominion in Europe and the Americas 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Indians in the New Spanish Empire 　 　 　 　

Source 1.4 Camilla Townsend, An Indian Woman Aids in the Conquest of Mexico, 2006　

Source 1.5 Jane E. Mangan, Indians Seek to Benefit from Spanish Conquest, 2005

Conclusion: A Transformed America 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 1

Indian and Spanish Encounters in the Americas, 1519–1530 

Source 1.6 Hernán Cortés, Letter to King Charles I, 1520 | Source 1.7 Aztec Priests, Respond to the Spanish, 1524 | Source 1.8 Hernán Cortés and Malintzin Meet Montezuma at Tenochtitlán, 1519 | Source 1.9 Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, La Relación, c. 1528

 

Chapter 2

Colonization and Conflicts, 1580–1680 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Powhatan and Anne Hutchinson 

Religious, Economic, and Imperial Transformations 

The Protestant Reformation 

Spain’s Global Empire Declines 

France Enters the Race for Empire 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 2.1 A French Nun Reports a Huron Woman’s View of the Jesuits, 1640 

The Dutch Expand into North America 

The English Seek an Empire 

The English Establish Jamestown

Tobacco Fuels Growth in Virginia 

Expansion, Rebellion, and the Emergence of Slavery 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Indentured Servants In the Chesapeake

Source 2.2 Sarah Tailer Charges Captain and Mrs. Thomas Bradnox with Abuse, 1659 Source 2.3 Report of a Committee of the Assembly Concerning the Freedom of Elizabeth Key, 1656  

The English Compete for West Indies Possessions 

Pilgrims and Puritans Settle New England 

Pilgrims Arrive in Massachusetts 

The Puritan Migration 

The Puritan Worldview 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Colonial Models of and for English Society

Source 2.4 Jack P. Greene, The Chesapeake as a Model of and For English Society, 1988　

Source 2.5 Alan Taylor, New England Puritans Develop Anglo-American Ideals, 2001

Dissenters Challenge Puritan Authority 

Wars in Old and New England 

Conclusion: European Empires in North America 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 2

King Philip’s War 

Source 2.6 William Nahaton, Petition to Free an Indian Slave, 1675 | Source 2.7 Benjamin Church, A Visit with Awashonks, Sachem of the Sakonnet,1716 | Source 2.8 John Easton, A Relation of the Indian War, 1675 | Source 2.9 Edward Randolph, Report on the War, 1676 | Source 2.10 Mary Rowlandson, Narrative of Captivity, 1682

 

Chapter 3

Colonial America amid Global Change, 1680–1754 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

William Moraley Jr. and Eliza Lucas

Europeans Expand Their Claims 

English Colonies Grow and Multiply 

The Pueblo Revolt and Spain’s Fragile Empire 

France Seeks Land and Control 　

European Wars and American Consequences 

Colonial Conflicts and Indian Alliances 

Indians Resist European Encroachment 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 3.1 The Tuscarora Appeal to the Pennsylvania Government, 1710 

Conflicts on the Southern Frontier 

The Benefits and Costs of Empire 

Colonial Traders Join Global Networks 

Imperial Policies Focus on Profits 

The Atlantic Slave Trade 

Seaport Cities and Consumer Cultures 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Middle Passage

Source 3.2 Plan of a Slave Ship, 1794

Source 3.3 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789 

Labor in North America 

Finding Work in the Colonies 

Coping with Economic Distress 

Rural Americans Face Changing Conditions 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Individualism and Community in Colonial North America

Source 3.4 James T. Lemon, Individualism Flourishes in Pennsvylvania , 1972　　

Source 3.5 James A. Henretta, Ethnic and Religious Bonds Foster Community, 1978

Slavery Takes Hold in the South 

Africans Resist Their Enslavement 

Conclusion: Changing Fortunes in British North America 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 3

Tobacco and Slaves 

Source 3.6 Virginia Slave Laws, 1662 and 1667 | Source 3.7 Joseph Ball Instructs His Nephew on Managing Enslaved Workers, 1743 | Source 3.8 Penny Print of Enslaved Blacks and Plantation Owner, c. 1750 | Source 3.9 Richard Corbin Describes How to Become a Successful Planter, 1759 | Source 3.10 Lieutenant Governor William Gooch to the Board of Trade, London, 1729

 

Chapter 4

Religious Strife and Social Upheavals, 1680–1750 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Gilbert Tennent and Sarah Grosvenor 

An Ungodly Society? 

The Rise of Religious Anxieties 

Cries of Witchcraft 

Family and Household Dynamics

Women’s Changing Status 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 4.1 Abigail Faulkner Appeals Her Conviction for Witchcraft, 1692 

Working Families 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Elite Women’s Lives in the North American Colonies

Source 4.2 Isaac Royall and His Family, 1741

Source 4.3 Eliza Lucas, Letter to Miss Bartlett, London, c. 1742 

Reproduction and Women’s Roles 

The Limits of Patriarchal Order 

Diversity and Competition in Colonial Society 

Population Growth and Economic Competition 

Increasing Diversity 

Expansion and Conflict

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Finding a Middle Ground in New France

Source 4.4 Richard White, Cultural Accommodation on the Middle Ground, 1991　

Source 4.5 Brett Rushforth, Indian Slavery and Accommodation, 2014　　　　　　　　

Religious Awakenings 

The Roots of the Great Awakening 

An Outburst of Revivals 

Religious Dissension 

Political Awakenings 

Changing Political Relations 

Dissent and Protest 

Transforming Urban Politics 

Conclusion: A Divided Society 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 4

Awakening Religious Tensions 

Source 4.6 Benjamin Franklin, On George Whitefield, the Great Revivalist, 1739 | Source 4.7 Jonathan Edwards, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, 1741 | Source 4.8 Newspaper Report on James Davenport, 1743 | Source 4.9 George Whitefield Preaching, c. 1760 | Source 4.10 Sarah Osborn, Letter to Reverend Joseph Fish, February 28, 1767

 

Chapter 5

War and Empire, 1754–1774 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

George Washington and Pontiac 

Imperial Conflicts and Indian Wars, 1754–1763 

The Opening Battles 

A Shift to Global War

The Costs of Victory 

Battles and Boundaries on the Frontier 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 5.1  Minavavana, Speech to Fur Trader Alexander Henry, 1761

Conflicts over Land and Labor Escalate 

Postwar British Policies and Colonial Unity 

Common Grievances 

Forging Ties across the Colonies 

Great Britain Seeks Greater Control 

Resistance to Britain Intensifies 

The Stamp Act Inspires Coordinated Resistance

The Townshend Act

The Boston Massacre 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Protesting the Stamp Act

Source 5.2 London Merchants Petition to Repeal the Stamp Act, 1766

Source 5.3 The Repeal, 1766 

Continuing Conflicts at Home 

Tea and Widening Resistance 

The Continental Congress and Colonial Unity 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Colonial Identities in Eighteenth Century British North America

Source 5.4 Gordon Wood, Britain’s Influence on Colonial Identities, 1993　

Source 5.5 Jon Butler, American Influences on Colonial Identities, 2000

Conclusion: Liberty within Empire 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 5

The Boston Massacre 

Source 5.6 Deposition of William Wyatt, March 7, 1770 | Source 5.7 Account of Boston Massacre Funeral Procession, March 12, 1770 | Source 5.8 Paul Revere, Etching of the Boston Massacre, 1770 | Source 5.9 Account of Captain Thomas Preston, June 25, 1770 | Source 5.10 John Adams, Defense of the British Soldiers at Trial, October 1770　

 

Chapter 6

The American Revolution, 1775–1783 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Thomas Paine and Elizabeth Freeman

The Question of Independence 

Armed Conflict Erupts 

Building a Continental Army 

Reasons for Caution and for Action 

Declaring Independence 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 6.1 Thomas Paine, Common Sense, January 1776 

Choosing Sides 

Recruiting Supporters

Choosing Neutrality 

Committing to Independence 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

African Americans in New York City Amid the Upheavals of 1776

Source 6.2 Slaves Destroy Statue of King George III in New York City, 1776

Source 6.3 A Fire Burns British-Occupied New York City, September 1776 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Americans Decide to Revolt against British Rule

Source 6.4 Bernard Bailyn, The Importance of Ideas, 1967

Source 6.5 Timothy H. Breen, Insurgents Mobilize, 2010　

Fighting for Independence, 1776–1777 

British Troops Gain Early Victories 

Patriots Prevail in New Jersey 

A Critical Year of Warfare 

Patriots Gain Critical Assistance 

Surviving on the Home Front 

Governing in Revolutionary Times 

Colonies Become States 

Patriots Divide over Slavery 

France Allies with the Patriots

Raising Armies and Funds 

Indian and Patriots Battle for Land

Conflicts Escalate on the Frontier

Winning the War and the Peace, 1778–1783

War Rages in the South

An Uncertain Peace 

A Surprising Victory 

Conclusion: Legacies of the Revolution 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 6

Women in the Revolution 

Source 6.6 Christian Barnes, Letter to Elizabeth Inman, April 29, 1775 | Source 6.7 Abigail Adams, Letter to John Adams, March 31, 1776 | Source 6.8 Mary Brant, Letter to Capt. Daniel Claus, Montreal, 5 October 1779 | Source 6.9 Esther De Berdt Reed, The Sentiments of an American Woman, 1780 | Source 6.10 Elizabeth "Mum Bett" Freeman, 1811

 

Chapter 7

Forging a New Nation, 1783–1800 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Daniel Shays and Alexander Hamilton 

Financial, Frontier, and Foreign Problems 

Continental Officers Threaten Confederation 

Indians, Land, and the Northwest Ordinance 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 7.1 United Indian Nations Council, Message to Congress, 1786 

Depression and Debt 

On the Political Margins 

Separating Church and State 

African Americans Struggle for Rights 

Women Seek Wider Roles 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Women and Free Blacks Claim Rights in the Nation

Source 7.2 Judith Sargent Murray, On the Equality of the Sexes, 1790

Source 7.3 Petition from Free Blacks of Charleston, 1791

Indebted Farmers Fuel Political Crises 

Reframing the American Government

The Constitutional Convention of 1787

Americans Battle over Ratification 

Organizing the Federal Government 

Hamilton Forges an Economic Agenda 

Years of Crisis, 1792–1796 

Foreign Trade and Foreign Wars 

Disease and Dissent

Further Conflicts on the Frontier 

The First Party System 

The Adams Presidency 

The Election of 1800 

　　　　COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

　　　　Partisan Campaigning in the Election of 1800

　　　　Source 7.4 Eric Burns, Federalists Attack Thomas Jefferson, 2006

　　　　Source 7.5 John Ferling, Democratic-Republicans Attack John Adams, 2013　　　　　　　　　

Conclusion: A Young Nation Comes of Age 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 7

Debating the Constitution in New York State 

Source 7.6 James Madison, Federalist 10, The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection, November 1787 | Source 7.7 Melancton Smith, Antifederalist Argument at the New York State Convention, June 1788 | Source 7.8 Alexander Hamilton, Federalist Argument at the New York State Convention, June 1788 | Source 7.9 John Williams, Antifederalist Argument at the New York State Convention, June 1788 | Source 7.10 The Eleventh Pillar of the Great National Dome, 1788

 

Chapter 8

The Early Republic, 1790–1820 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Parker Cleaveland and Sacagawea 

The Dilemmas of National Identity

Education for a New Nation 

Literary and Cultural Developments 

Religious Renewal 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 8.1 Samuel Jennings, Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences, 1792 

The Racial Limits of "American" Culture　　

A New Capital for a New Nation 

Extending Federal Power 

A New Administration Faces Challenges 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

White Responses to Black Rebellion

Source 8.2 Thomas Jefferson, Letter to U.S. Minister to Great Britain Rufus King, July 1802　

Source 8.3 Leonora Sansay, Letter to Aaron Burr, November 1802 

The Louisiana Territory and Indian Societies

The Supreme Court Extends Its Reach 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Religion and Politics in the Early Republic

Source 8.4 Nathan O. Hatch, Religion as a Democratizing Force, 1989　

Source 8.5 Amanda Porterfield, Religion Sows Doubt and Nurtures Partisanship, 2012

Democratic-Republicans Expand Federal Powers 

Remaking America’s Economic Character 

Native Lands and American Migrations

Technology Reshapes Agriculture and Industry 

Transforming Domestic Production 

Technology, Cotton, and Slaves 

Conclusion: New Identities and New Challenges 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 8

The Corps of Discovery: Paeans to Peace and Instruments of War 

Source 8.6 William Clark, Journal, October 12, 1804 | Source 8.7 Charles McKenzie, Narrative of a Fur Trader, November 1804 | Source 8.8 William Clark, Journal, November 18, 1804 | Source 8.9 William Clark, Journal, January 28, 1805, and Meriwether Lewis, February 1, 1805 | Source 8.10 Meriwether Lewis, Journal, August 20, 1805

 

Chapter 9

Defending and Redefining the Nation, 1809–1832 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Dolley Madison and John Ross 

Conflicts at Home and Abroad 

Tensions at Sea and on the Frontier 

War with Britain and their Indian Allies

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 9.1 Tecumseh, Speech to William Henry Harrison, 1810 

National Expansion and Regional Economies 

Governments Fuel Economic Growth 

Americans Expand the Nation’s Borders 

Regional Economic Development 

Economic and Political Crises 

The Panic of 1819 

Slavery in Missouri 

The Expansion and Limits of American Democracy 

Expanding Voting Rights 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Protesting the Missouri Compromise 

Source 9.2 Timothy Claimright, Maine Not to be Coupled with the Missouri Question, 1820 Source 9.3 Thomas Jefferson, Letter to John Holmes, 1820 

Racist Restrictions and Racial Violence 

Political Realignments 

The Presidential Election of 1828 

Jacksonian Politics in Action 

A Democratic Spirit? 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Expanding American Democracy for Whom?

Source 9.4 Alexander Keyssar, Broadening the Franchise, 2000

Source 9.5 James Oliver Horton and Lois E. Horton, The Limits of Democratic Expansion, 1997

Confrontations over Tariffs and the Bank 

Contesting Indian Removal

Conclusion: The Nation Faces New Challenges 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 9

The Cherokee Engage White America

Source 9.6 Women’s Petition to the Cherokee National Council, June 30, 1818 | Source 9.7 Sequoyah’s Cherokee Syllabary, 1821 | Source 9.8 Cherokee Constitution, 1827 | Source 9.9 Nancy Reese, Letter to Reverend Fayette Shepherd, December 25, 1828 | Source 9.10 John Ross, On the Treaty of New Echota, 1836

 

Chapter 10

Social and Cultural Ferment in the North, 1820–1850 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Charles Grandison Finney and Amy Kirby Post 

The Market Revolution 

Creating an Urban Landscape 

The Lure of Urban Life

Roots of Urban Disorder

The New Middle Class 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 10.1 1850 U.S. Census of the Isaac and Amy Post Household

The Rise of Industry 

Factory Towns and Women Workers 

The Decline of Craft Work and Workingmen’s Responses 

The Panic of 1837  

Saving the Nation from Sin 

The Second Great Awakening 

New Visions of Faith and Reform 

Transcendentalism 

Organizing for Change 

Varieties of Reform 

The Problem of Poverty 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

How Can We Help the Poor?

Source 10.2 Matthew Carey, Appeal to the Wealthy of the Land, 1833

Source 10.3 Emily G. Kempshall, Letter to Rochester Female Charitable Society, 1838 

The Temperance Movement

Utopian Communities 

Abolitionism Expands and Divides 

The Beginnings of the Antislavery Movement 

Abolition Gains Ground and Enemies

Abolitionism and Women’s Rights

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Religion, Race, and the Call to End Slavery

Source 10.4 Lawrence J. Friedman, The Religious Roots of Immediate Abolition, 1982

Source 10.5 Manisha Sinha, The Black Roots of Immediate Abolition, 2016

The Rise of Antislavery Parties 

Conclusion: From the North to the Nation 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 10

Religious Faith and Women’s Activism 

Source 10.6 Charles G. Finney, An Influential Woman Converts, 1830 | Source 10.7 Elizabeth Emery and Mary P. Abbott, Founding a Female Anti-Slavery Society, 1836 | Source 10.8 Maria Stewart, On Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality, 1831 | Source 10.9 Congregational Pastoral Letter, 1837 | Source 10.10 Sarah Grimké, Response to the Pastoral Letter, 1837

 

Chapter 11

Slavery Expands South and West, 1830–1850 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

José Antonio Menchaca and Solomon Northrup

Planters Expand the Slave System 

A Plantation Society Develops in the South 

Urban Life in the Slave South 

The Consequences of Slavery’s Expansion 

Slave Society and Culture 

Enslaved Labor Fuels the Economy

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 11.1 Edward Strutt Abdy, Description of Washington D.C., Slave Pen, 1833 

Developing an African American Culture 

Resistance and Rebellion 

Planters Tighten Control

Harsher Treatment for Southern Blacks 

White Southerners without Slaves 

Planters Seek to Unify Southern Whites 

Democrats Face Political and Economic Crises 

The Battle for Texas 

Indians Resist Removal 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Two Views on Texas Independence

Source 11.2 Colonel William Travis, Appeal for Reinforcements, March 3, 1836

Source 11.3 Benjamin Lundy, The War in Texas, 1836 

Van Buren and the Panic of 1837 

The Whigs Win the White House 

The National Government Looks to the West 

Expanding to Oregon and Texas 

Pursuing War with Mexico 

Debates over Slavery Intensify 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Families in Slavery

Source 11.4 Robert William Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman, Planters Shape Slave Families, 1974　

Source 11.5 Deborah Gray White, The Roles of Enslaved Women, 1985

Conclusion: Geographical Expansion and Political Division 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 11

Lives in Slavery 

Source 11.6 William Wells Brown, Memories of Childhood | Source 11.7 Harriet Jacobs, A Girl Threatened by Sexual Exploitation | Source 11.8 Solomon Northup, Endless Labor and Constant Fear | Source 11.9 Friedrich Shulz, The Slave Market | Source 11.10 Mary Reynolds, Recalling Work, Punishment, and Faith c. 1850s

 

Chapter 12

Imperial Ambitions and Sectional Crises, 1842–1861 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

John C. Frémont and Dred Scott 

Claiming the West 

Traveling the Overland Trail 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 12.1 Elizabeth Smith Geer, Oregon Trail Diary, 1847 

The Gold Rush 

A Crowded Land 

Expansion and the Politics of Slavery 

California and the Compromise of 1850 

The Fugitive Slave Act Inspires Northern Protest 

Pierce Encourages U.S. Expansion 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Fugitive Slave Law Contested

Source 12.2 William C. Nell, Meeting of Colored Citizens of Boston, September 30, 1850　

Source 12.3 President Millard Fillmore, Proclamation 56 Calling on Citizens to Assist in the Recapture of a Fugitive Slave, February 18, 1851 

Sectional Crises Intensify 

Popularizing Antislavery Sentiment 

The Kansas-Nebraska Act Stirs Dissent

Bleeding Kansas and the Election of 1856

The Dred Scott Decision 

From Sectional Crisis to Southern Secession 

Cortina’s War and John Brown’s Raid 

The Election of 1860 

From Secession to War 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

White Southerners Decide To Secede 　 　

Source 12.4  Michael P. Johnson, Georgians Choose Secession, 1977

Source 12.5   J. Mills Thornton, Alabamans Move toward Secession, 1978

Conclusion: A Nation Divided 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 12

Debating Secession

Source 12.6 Robert Toombs, Supporting Secession in Georgia, November 13, 1860 | Source 12.7 Waitman T. Willey, Speech at Virginia State Secession Convention, March 4, 1861 | Source 12.8 Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, Jefferson Davis about to become Provisional President of the Confederacy, March 16, 1861 | Source 12.9 Alexander Stephens, Cornerstone Speech, March 21, 1861 | Source 12.10  Mary Boykin Chesnut, Diary entries, April 4-12, 1861

 

Chapter 13

Civil War, 1861–1865 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Frederick Douglass and Rose O’Neal Greenhow 

The Nation at War, 1861-1862 

Both Sides Prepare for War 

Wartime Roles of African Americans, Indians, and Mexican Americans 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 13.1 General Benjamin Butler, Enslaved Blacks Flee to Union Army Camps, May 27, 1861

Union Politicians Consider Emancipation 　

War Transforms the North and the South

Life and Death on the Battlefield 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Photographers Bring the War Home

Source 13.2 Union Soldiers in Camp, c. 1863

Source 13.3 Battlefield Dead at Antietam, 1862 

The Northern Economy Expands 

Urbanization and Industrialization in the South 

Women Aid the War Effort 

Dissent and Protest in the Midst of War

The Tide of War Turns, 1863–1865 

Key Victories for the Union 

African Americans Contribute to Victory 

The Final Battles of a Hard War 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Why Union Soldiers Fought the Civil War

　　　　Source 13.4 Chandra Manning, The Fight Against Slavery (2007)

　　　　Source 13.5 Gary Gallagher, The Fight to Save the Union (2011)

The War Comes to an End 

Conclusion: An Uncertain Future 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 13

Firsthand Accounts of the Civil War

Source 13.6 Frederick Spooner, Letter to His Brother Henry, April 30, 1861 | Source 13.7 John Hines, Letter to His Parents, April 22, 1862 | Source 13.8 Suzy King Taylor, Caring for the Thirty-third U.S. Colored Troops, 1863 | Source 13.9 Thomas Freeman, Letter to His Brother-in-Law, March 26, 1864 | Source 13.10 Eliza Frances Andrews, On Union Prisoners of War, 1865　

 

Chapter 14

Emancipation and Reconstruction, 1863–1877 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Jefferson Long and Andrew Johnson 

Emancipation 

African Americans Embrace Freedom 

Reuniting Families Torn Apart by Slavery 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 14.1 Freedpeople Petition for Land, 1865 

Freedom to Learn 

Freedom to Worship and the Leadership Role of Black Churches 

National Reconstruction 

Abraham Lincoln Plans for Reunification 

Andrew Johnson and Presidential Reconstruction 

Johnson and Congressional Resistance 

Congressional Reconstruction 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Debating the Freedmen’s Bureau

Source 14.2 Colonel Eliphalet Whittlesey, Report on the Freedman’s Bureau, 1865

Source 14.3 Democratic Flier Opposing the Freedman’s Bureau Bill, 1866 

The Struggle for Universal Suffrage 

Remaking the South 

Whites Reconstruct the South 

Black Political Participation and Economic Opportunities 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Race and Reconstruction　 　 　 　 　 　

　　　　Source 14.4 William A. Dunning, Radical Reconstruction (1907)

　　　　Source 14.5 John Hope Franklin, The South’s New Leaders (1961)

White Resistance to Congressional Reconstruction 

The Unraveling of Reconstruction 

The Republican Retreat 

Congressional and Judicial Retreat 

The Presidential Compromise of 1876 

Conclusion: The Legacies of Reconstruction 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 14

Testing and Contesting Freedom 

Source 14.6 Mississippi Black Code, 1865 | Source 14.7 Richard H. Cain, Federal Aid for Land Purchase, 1868 | Source 14.8  Willis B. Bocock and Black Laborers, Sharecropping Agreement, 1870　 | Source 14.9 Ellen Parton, Testimony on Klan Violence, 1871 | Source 14.10 Thomas Nast, Colored Rule in a Reconstructed (?) State, 1874　

 

Chapter 15

The West, 1865–1896 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Annie Oakley and Geronimo 

Opening the West 

The Great Plains 

Federal Policy and Foreign Investment 

Indians and Resistance to Expansion 

Indian Civilizations 

Federal Policy toward Indians before 1870

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 15.1 Buffalo Hunting, c. 1875 

Reconstruction and Indians

Indian Defeat 

Reforming Indian Policy 

Indian Assimilation and Resistance 

The Mining and Lumber Industries 

The Business of Mining 

Life in the Mining Towns 

The Lumber Boom 

The Cattle Industry and Commercial Farming 

The Life of the Cowboy 

The Rise of Commercial Ranching 

Commercial Farming 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Cowboy Myths and Realities

Source 15.2 Poster Advertising Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, 1893

Source 15.3 George C. Duffield, Diary of a Real Cowboy, 1866 

Women Homesteaders 

Farming on the Great Plains 

Diversity in the Far West 

Mormons 

Californios and Mexican Americans 

The Chinese 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Significance of the Frontier

Source 15.4 Frederick Jackson Turner, The Significance of the Frontier in American History, 1893　

Source 15.5 Patricia Nelson Limerick, Deemphasizing the Concept of the Frontier, 1987

Conclusion: The Ambiguous Legacy of the West 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 15

American Indians and Whites in the West 

Source 15.6 James Michael Cavanaugh, Support for Indian Extermination, 1868 | Source 15.7 Helen Hunt Jackson, Challenges to Indian Policy, 1881 | Source 15.8 Thomas Nast, "Patience until the Indian Is Civilized—So to Speak," 1878 | Source 15.9 Zitkala-Ša, Life at an Indian Boarding School, 1921 | Source 15.10 Chief Joseph, Views on Indian Affairs, 1879

 

Chapter 16

Industrial America, 1877–1900 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Andrew Carnegie and John Sherman 

America Industrializes 

The New Industrial Economy 

Innovation and Inventions 

Building a New South 

Industrial Consolidation

The Growth of Corporations 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 16.1 Horace Taylor, What a Funny Little Government, 1900 

Laissez-Faire, Social Darwinism, and Their Critics 

The Doctrines of Success 

Challenges to Laissez-Faire

Society and Culture in the Gilded Age 

Wealthy and Middle-Class Leisure-Time Pursuits 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Leisure-Class Women

Source 16.2 The Delineator, 1900

Source 16.3 Alice Austen and Trude Eccleston, 1891 

Changing Gender Roles 

Black America and Jim Crow 

National Politics in the Era of Industrialization 

The Weak Presidency 

Congressional Inefficiency 

The Business of Politics 

An Energized and Entertained Electorate 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Robber Baron or Captain of Industry?

Source 16.4 Matthew Josephson, The Robber Barons, 1934  

Source 16.5 Ron Chernow, John D. Rockefeller, Industrial Statesman, 1998　　

Conclusion: Industrial America 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 16

Debates about Laissez-Faire 

Source 16.6 William Graham Sumner, A Defense of Laissez-Faire, 1883 | Source 16.7 Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward, 2000–1887, 1888 | Source 16.8 Andrew Carnegie, The Gospel of Wealth, 1889 | Source 16.9 Henry Demarest Lloyd, Critique of Wealth, 1894

 

Chapter 17

Workers and Farmers in the Age of Organization, 1877–1900 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

John McLuckie and Mary Elizabeth Lease 

Working People Organize 

The Industrialization of Labor

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 17.1 John Morrison, Testimony on the Impact of Mechanization, 1883 

Organizing Unions 

Clashes between Workers and Owners 

Working-Class Leisure in Industrial America 

Farmers Organize 

Farmers Unite 

Populists Rise Up 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Farmers and Workers Organize: Two Views

Source 17.2 Walter Huston, Here Lies Prosperity, 1895

Source 17.3 Populist Party Platform, 1892 

The Depression of the 1890s 

Depression Politics 

Political Realignment in the Election of 1896 

The Decline of the Populists 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Agrarian Myth and Populism

Source 17.4  Richard Hofstadter, The Agrarian Myth, 1955　

Source 17.5 Charles Postel, The Populist Vision, 2007 

Conclusion: A Passion for Organization 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 17

The Pullman Strike of 1894 

Source 17.6 George Pullman, Testimony before the U.S. Strike Commission, 1894 | Source 17.7 Eugene V. Debs, On Radicalism, 1902 | Source 17.8 Jennie Curtis, Testimony before the U.S. Strike Commission, 1894 | Source 17.9 Report from the Commission to Investigate the Chicago Strike, 1895

 

Chapter 18

Cities, Immigrants, and the Nation, 1880–1914 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Beryl Lassin and Maria Vik Takacs 

A New Wave of Immigrants 

Immigrants Arrive from Many Lands 

Creating Immigrant Communities 

Hostility toward Recent Immigrants 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 18.1 Anzia Yerzierska, Immigrant Fathers and Daughters, 1925 

The Assimilation Dilemma 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Chinese in America

Source 18.2 Saum Song Bo, "A Chinese View of the Statue of Liberty" 1885

Source 18.3 Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 1886 

Becoming an Urban Nation 

The New Industrial City 

Expand Upward and Outward 

How the Other Half Lived 

Urban Politics at the Turn of the Century 

Political Machines and City Bosses 

Urban Reformers 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Immigration, Nativism, and Whiteness

Source 18.4 John Higham, Nativism and Race, 1955

Source 18.5 Katherine Benton-Cohen, Nativism, Mexicans, and Whiteness, 2009　

Conclusion: A Nation of Cities 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 18　

"Melting Pot" or "Vegetable Soup"?

Source 18.6 Israel Zangwill, The Melting-Pot, 1908 | Source 18.7 "The Mortar of Assimilation—And the One Element That Won’t Mix," 1889 | Source 18.8 "Be Just—Even to John Chinaman," 1893 | Source 18.9 Alfred P. Schultz, The Mongrelization of America, 1908 | Source 18.10 Randolph S. Bourne, Trans-national America, 1916

 

Chapter 19

Progressivism and the Search for Order, 1900–1917 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Gifford Pinchot and Gene Stratton-Porter 

The Roots of Progressivism 

Progressive Origins 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 19.1 Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis, 1907 

Muckrakers 

Humanitarian and Social Justice Reform 

Female Progressives and the Poor 

Fighting for Women’s Suffrage 

Progressivism and African Americans 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Addressing Racial Inequality

Source 19.2 Booker T. Washington, The Atlanta Compromise, 1895

Source 19.3 Ida B. Wells, A Critique of Booker T. Washington, 1904 

Progressivism and Indians 

Morality and Social Control 

Prohibition 

Prostitution, Narcotics, and Juvenile Delinquency 

Birth Control 

Immigration Restriction 

Good Government Progressivism  　 　

Municipal and State Reform 

Conservation and Preservation of the Environment 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Progressivism in White and Black

Source 19.4 C. Van Woodward, Progressivism for Whites Only, 1951　　

Source 19.5 Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, Southern Black Women and Progressivism, 1996  

Presidential Progressivism 

Theodore Roosevelt and the Square Deal 

Taft Retreats from Progressivism 

The Election of 1912 

Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom Agenda 

Conclusion: The Progressive Legacy 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 19

Women’s Suffrage and Passage of the Nineteenth Amendment

Source 19.6 Jane Addams, "Why Women Should Vote," 1910 | Source 19.7 Adella Hunt Logan, "Colored Women as Voters," 1912 | Source 19.8 Belle Kearney, "The South and Women’s Suffrage," 1903 | Source 19.9 Rose Winslow, Prison Notes, 1917 | Source 19.10 America When Feminized, c. 1919-1920

 

Chapter 20

Empire, Wars, and Pandemic, 1898–1919 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Alfred Thayer Mahan and José Martí 

The Awakening of Imperialism 

The Economics of Expansion 

Cultural Justifications for Imperialism 

Gender and Empire 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 20.1 Rudyard Kipling, "The White Man’s Burden," 1899 

The War with Spain 

Revolution in Cuba 

The War of 1898 

The Pacification of Cuba 

The Philippine War 

Extending U.S. Imperialism, 1899–1913 

Theodore Roosevelt and "Big Stick" Diplomacy 

Opening the Door in China 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Fighting in the Philippines

Source 20.2 President McKinley Defends His Decision

Source 20.3 William Carson, "A Bigger Job Than He Thought For," 1899 

Wilson and American Foreign Policy, 1912–1917 

Diplomacy and War 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The U.S. Chooses to Enter World War I

Source 20.4 Arthur S. Link, Woodrow Wilson and Neutrality, 1963　  

Source 20.5 John Whiteclay Chambers II, Woodrow Wilson’s Unneutral Neutrality, 2000　

Making the World Safe for Democracy 

Fighting the War at Home 

Government by Commission 

Winning Hearts and Minds 

1918-19 Influenza Pandemic

Waging Peace 

The Failure of Ratification 

Conclusion: A U.S. Empire

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 20

The Challenges of the 1918-19 Influenza Pandemic

Source 20.6 Philadelphia Inquirer Describes the Crisis, 1918 | Source 20.7 A Letter from a Native American, Volunteer Nurse, 1918 | Source 20.8 Advertisement to Stop Influenza, 1918 | Source 20.9 Dr. A. Wilberforce Williams on Fake Influenza Remedies, 1918 | Source 20.10 U.S. Public Health Service Information on Influenza, 1919

 

Chapter 21　

The Twenties, 1919–1929 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

D. C. Stephenson and Ossian Sweet 

Social Turmoil 

The Red Scare, 1919–1920　

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 21.1 A. Mitchell Palmer, The Case against the Reds, 1920 

Racial Violence in the Postwar Era 

Prosperity, Consumption, and Growth 

Government Promotion of the Economy 

Americans Become Consumers 

Urbanization 

Perilous Prosperity 

Challenges to Social Conventions 

Breaking with the Old Morality 

The Harlem Renaissance 

Marcus Garvey and Black Nationalism 

Culture Wars 

Prohibition 

Nativists versus Immigrants 

Resurrection of the Ku Klux Klan 

Fundamentalism versus Modernism 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Men and Women of the KKK

Source 21.2 Gerald W. Johnson, The Ku Kluxer, 1924

Source 21.3 Women of the Ku Klux Klan, 1927 

Politics and the Fading of Prosperity 

The Battle for the Soul of the Democratic Party 

Lingering Progressivism 

Financial Crash 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Impact of Prohibition

Source 21.4 Andrew Sinclair, The Excesses of Prohibition, 1962

Source 21.5 Lisa McGirr, The National State and Crime Control, 2016　　　　　　　

Conclusion: The Transitional Twenties 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 21

The New Negro and the Harlem Renaissance 

Source 21.6 A. Philip Randolph and Chandler Owen, "The New Negro—What Is He?" 1919 | Source 21.7 Claude McKay, "If We Must Die," 1919 | Source 21.8 Langston Hughes, "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," 1921 | Source 21.9 Aaron Douglas, Illustration, The New Negro, 1925 | Source 21.10 Bessie Smith, "Down-Hearted Blues," 1923

 

Chapter 22　

Depression, Dissent, and the New Deal, 1929–1940 

AMERICAN HISTORIES

Eleanor Roosevelt and Luisa Moreno 

The Great Depression 

Hoover Faces the Depression 

Hoovervilles and Dust Storms 

Challenges for Racial Minorities 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 22.1 Plea from the Scottsboro Prisoners, 1932 

Families under Strain 

Organized Protest 

The New Deal 

Roosevelt Restores Confidence 

Steps toward Recovery 

Direct Assistance and Relief 

New Deal Critics 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Letters to Eleanor Roosevelt

Source 22.2 Mildred Isbell to Mrs. Roosevelt, January 1, 1936

Source 22.3 Minnie Harden to Mrs. Roosevelt, December 14, 1937 

The New Deal Moves to the Left 

Expanding Relief Measures 

Establishing Social Security 

Organized Labor Strikes Back

A Half Deal for Racial Minorities　

Decline of the New Deal 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

New Deal or Raw Deal

Source 22.4  William E. Leuchtenburg, The Roosevelt Reconstruction, 1963　

Source 22.5 Barton J. Bernstein, The Conservative Achievements of Liberal Reform, 1969　

Conclusion: New Deal Liberalism 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 22

The Depression in Rural America 

Source 22.6 Ann Marie Low, Dust Bowl Diary, 1934 | Source 22.7 John P. Davis, A Black Inventory of the New Deal, 1935 | Source 22.8 A Sharecropper’s Family in Washington County, Arkansas, 1935 | Source 22.9 Martin Torres, Protest Against Maltreatment of Mexican Laborers in California, 1934 | Source 22.10 Otis Nation, Testimony to the Great Plains Committee, 1937

 

Chapter 23

World War II, 1933–1945 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

J. Robert Oppenheimer and Fred Korematsu 

The Road toward War 

The Growing Crisis in Europe 

The Challenge to Isolationism 

The United States Enters the War

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 23.1 Monica Sone, Memories of Pearl Harbor 

The Home-Front Economy 

Managing the Wartime Economy

New Opportunities for Women 

Everyday Life on the Home Front 

Fighting for Equality at Home 

The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement 

Struggles for Mexican Americans 

American Indians 

The Ordeal of Japanese Americans 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Japanese American Internment

Source 23.2 Charles Kikuchi, Internment Diary, 1942

Source 23.3 Justice Hugo Black, Korematsu v. United States, 1944 

Global War 

War in Europe 

War in the Pacific 

Ending the War 

Evidence of the Holocaust 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Roosevelt Administration and the Holocaust

Source 23.4  David S. Wyman, FDR Abandoned the Jews, 1984

Source 23.5 Richard Breitman and Allan J. Lichtman, FDR Did Not Abandon the Jews, 2013

Conclusion: The Impact of World War II 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 23

The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb 

Source 23.6 Petition to the President of the United States, July 17, 1945 | Source 23.7 President Harry S. Truman, Press Release on the Atomic Bomb, August 6, 1945 | Source 23.8 Hiroshima, August 6, 1945 | Source 23.9 U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, 1946 | Source 23.10 Father Johannes Siemes, Eyewitness Account of the Hiroshima Bombing, 1945

 

Chapter 24

The Opening of the Cold War, 1945–1961 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

George Kennan and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg 

The Origins of the Cold War, 1945–1947 

Mutual Misunderstandings 

The Truman Doctrine 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 24.1 Henry Wallace, The Way to Peace, 1946 

The Marshall Plan and Economic Containment 

The Cold War Hardens, 1948–1953 

Military Containment 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Marshall Plan and the Soviet Union

Source 24.2 George C. Marshall, The Marshall Plan, 1947

Source 24.3 Vyacheslav Molotov, Soviet Objections to the Marshall Plan, 1947 

The Korean War 

The Korean War and the Imperial Presidency 

Combating Communism at Home, 1945–1954 

Loyalty and the Second Red Scare 

McCarthyism 

The Cold War Expands, 1953 –1961 

Nuclear Weapons and Containment 

Decolonization

Interventions in the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa 

Early Intervention in Vietnam, 1954–1960 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Causes of the Cold War

Source 24.4 William Appleman Williams, Expanding the Economic Open Door, 1959

Source 24.5 John Lewis Gaddis, Competing Ideologies, 1972

Conclusion: The Cold War and Anticommunism 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 24

McCarthyism and the Hollywood Ten 

Source 24.6 Ronald Reagan, Testimony before HUAC, 1947 | Source 24.7 John Howard Lawson, Testimony before HUAC, 1947 | Source 24.8 The Waldorf Statement and the Introduction of the Blacklist, 1947 | Source 24.9 Herblock, "You Mean I’m Supposed to Stand on That," 1950 | Source 24.10 Lillian Hellman, Letter to HUAC, 1952

 

Chapter 25

Troubled Innocence, 1945–1961 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Alan Freed and Grace Metalious 

Peacetime Transition and the Boom Years 

Peacetime Challenges, 1945–1948 

Economic Conversion and Labor Discontent 

Truman, the New Deal Coalition, and the Election of 1948 

Economic Boom 

Baby Boom 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 25.1 Adlai E. Stevenson, "A Purpose for Modern Woman,"1955 

Changes in Living Patterns 

The Culture of the 1950s 

The Rise of Television 

Wild Ones on the Big Screen 

The Influence of Teenage Culture

The Lives of Women 

Religious Revival 

Beats and Other Nonconformists 

The Growth of the Civil Rights Movement 

The Rise of the Southern Civil Rights Movement 

School Segregation and the Supreme Court 

The Montgomery Bus Boycott 

White Resistance to Desegregation 

The Sit-Ins 

Civil Rights Struggles in the North

Civil Rights Struggles in the West 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Civil Rights Movement and Its Opponents

Source 25.2 The Southern Manifesto, 1956

Source 25.3 Ella Baker, "Bigger Than a Hamburger," 1960 

Domestic Politics in the Eisenhower Era 

Modern Republicanism 

The Election of 1960 

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

When Did the Civil Rights Movement Begin?

Source 25.4  Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, The Long Civil Rights Movement, 2005

Source 25.5 Steven F. Lawson, The Short Civil Rights Movement, 2011

Conclusion: Postwar Politics and Culture 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 25

Teenagers in Postwar America 

Source 25.6 Dick Clark, Your Happiest Years, 1959 | Source 25.7 Charlotte Jones, Letter on Elvis, 1957 | Source 25.8 The Desegregation of Central High School, 1957 | Source 25.9 Gloria Lopez-Stafford, A Mexican American Childhood in El Paso, Texas, 1949 | Source 25.10 "Why No Chinese American Delinquents?" 1955　

 

Chapter 26

Liberalism and Its Challengers, 1960–1973 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Earl Warren and Bayard Rustin 

The Politics of Liberalism 

Kennedy’s New Frontier 

Kennedy, the Cold War, and Cuba 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 26.1 Edmund Valtman, The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 

The Civil Rights Movement Intensifies, 1961–1968 

Freedom Rides 

Kennedy Supports Civil Rights 

Freedom Summer and Voting Rights 

Civil Rights and Black Power 

Federal Efforts toward Social Reform, 1964–1968 

The Great Society 

The Warren Court 　

The Vietnam War, 1961–1969 

Kennedy’s Intervention in South Vietnam 

Johnson Escalates the War in Vietnam 　

Challenges to the Liberal Establishment 

The New Left 

The Counterculture 

Liberation Movements 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Chicano and Native American Freedom Movements

Source 26.2 Chicano Student Movement of Aztlán, 1969

Source 26.3 The Alcatraz Proclamation, 1969 

The Revival of Conservatism

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Race and Class in Second Wave Feminism

Source 26.4  Anne Valk, Feminist Interactions, 2008

Source 26.5　 　 Linda Gordon, Race, Class, and Feminism, 2014　

Conclusion: Liberalism and Its Discontents 

Chapter Review 　

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 26

Freedom Summer 

Source 26.6 Prospectus for Mississippi Freedom Summer, 1964

Source 26.7 Nancy Ellin, Letter Describing Freedom Summer, 1964 | Source 26.8 White Southerners Respond to Freedom Summer, 1964 | Source 26.9 Fannie Lou Hamer, Address to the Democratic National Convention Credentials Committee, 1964 | Source 26.10 Lyndon B. Johnson, Monitoring the MFDP Challenge, 1964　

 

Chapter 27

The Swing toward Conservatism, 1968–1980 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Pauli Murray and Louise Day Hicks 　 　

Nixon: War and Diplomacy, 1969–1974 

The Election of 1968 

The Failure of Vietnamization 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 27.1 Richard Nixon, Speech Accepting the Republican Nomination for President, August 8, 1968 

The Cold War Thaws　 　

Crisis in the Middle East and at Home　

Nixon and Politics, 1969–1974

Pragmatic Conservatism 

The Nixon Landslide and Watergate Scandal, 1972–1974 

The Presidency of Jimmy Carter, 1976–1980 

Jimmy Carter and the Limits of Affluence 

The Perils of Détente

Challenges in the Middle East

The Persistence of Liberalism in the 1970s 

Popular Culture

Women’s Movement　 　

Environmentalism 　 　 　 　

Racial Struggles Continue 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Women of Color and Feminism

Source 27.2 Workshop Resolutions, First National Chicana Conference, 1971

Source 27.3 Combahee River Collective, A Black Feminist Statement, 1977 

Mexican Americans Challenge Discrimination

The New Right Rises  

Tax Revolt

Neo-Conservatism

Christian Conservatism

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Rise of the New Right

Source 27.4 Dan T. Carter, George Wallace, Race, and the New Right, 1996

Source 27.5 Daniel K. Williams, The Christian Right, 2010 　

Conclusion: The Swing toward Conservatism 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 27

The New Right and Its Critics 

Source 27.6 Proposition 13, California, 1978 | Source 27.7 Phyllis Schlafly, "What’s Wrong with ‘Equal Rights’ for Women?" 1972 | Source 27.8 Gloria Steinem, Testimony on the Equal Rights Amendment, May 6, 1970　 | Source 27.9 Paul Weyrich, Building the Moral Majority, 1979 | Source 27.10 A. Bartlett Giamatti, The Moral Majority Threatens Freedom, 1981　

 

Chapter 28

The Triumph of Conservatism, the End of the Cold War, and the Rise of the New World Order, 1980–1992

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

George Shultz and Demetria Martinez 

The Reagan Revolution 

Reagan and Reaganomics 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 28.1 Ronald Reagan, First Inaugural Address, January 20, 1981

The Implementation of Social Conservatism 

Reagan and the End of the Cold War, 1981–1988

"The Evil Empire"　 　 　 　

Human Rights and the Fight against Communism 

Fighting International Terrorism 

The Nuclear Freeze Movement 

The Road to Nuclear De-escalation 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Nuclear Freeze Movement

Source 28.2 New Jersey Referendum on Nuclear Freeze, 1982

Source 28.3 United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Pastoral Letter on War and Peace, 1983 

The Presidency of George H. W. Bush, 1989–1993 

"Kinder and Gentler" Conservatism 

The Breakup of the Soviet Union　

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The End of the Cold War

Source 28.4  John Spanier, Gorbachev Needed to End the Cold War, 1992

Source 28.5 Beth Fischer, Reagan Ends the Cold War, 1997

Globalization and the New World Order 

Managing Conflict after the Cold War 

The 1992 Election 　 　 　 　

Conclusion: Conservative Ascendancy and the End of the Cold War 

Chapter Review 　

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 28

The Iran-Contra Affair 

Source 28.6 The Boland Amendments, 1982 and 1984 | Source 28.7 CIA Freedom Fighter’s Manual, 1983 | Source 28.8 Ronald Reagan, Speech on the Iran-Contra Affair, 1987 | Source 28.9 Oliver North, Testimony to Congress, July 1987 | Source 28.10 George Mitchell, Response to Oliver North, 1987

 

Chapter 29

The Challenges of a Globalized World, 1993 to the present 

COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES

Bill Gates and Alicia Garza

Transforming American Society 

The Computer Revolution 

The Changing American Population 　

Political Polarization and Globalization in the Clinton Years 

Politics during the Clinton Administration 

GUIDED PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

Source 29.1 Bo Yee, The New American Sweatshop, 1994 

Global Challenges 

The Presidency of George W. Bush 

Bush and Compassionate Conservatism 

The Iraq War 

Bush’s Second Term 

COMPARATIVE PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The War in Iraq

Source 29.2 George W. Bush, Declaration of Victory in Iraq, May 1, 2003

Source 29.3 Farnaz Fassihi, Report from Baghdad, 2004 

The Challenges Faced by President Barack Obama 

The Great Recession 

Obama and the Great Recession

The 2010 Revolt Against Obama

Obama’s Second Term

Latinos and Immigration

Asian Americans

African Americans and Institutional Racism

The Native American Struggle Continued

Obama and the World

COMPARATIVE SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

The Election of Barack Obama

Source 29.4  Frederick C. Harris, Decline of Black Politics, 2012

Source 29.5  Randall Kennedy, The Importance of Symbolism, 2011

The Presidency of Donald Trump　 　 　 　 　

The 2016 Election 　 　 　 　

The Trump Presidency

Pandemic, Protests, and Politics　

Conclusion: Technology and Terror in a Global Society 

Chapter Review 

PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECT 29

The Uses of September 11 

Source 29.6 Diana Hoffman, "The Power of Freedom," 2002 | Source 29.7 Khaled Abou El Fadl, Response to September 11, 2001 | Source 29.8 Anti-Muslim Discrimination, 2011 | Source 29.9 Edward Snowden, Interview, 2014 | Source 29.10 Alice M. Greenwald, Message from the Director of the 9/11 Memorial Museum

Nancy A. Hewitt

Nancy A. Hewitt (Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania) is Professor Emerita of History and of Women’s and Gender Studies at Rutgers University. Her publications include Radical Friend: Amy Kirby Post and Her Activist Worlds, for which she won the SHEAR prize in biography; Women’s Activism and Social Change: Rochester, New York, 1822–1872; Southern Discomfort: Women’s Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s–1920s, and the second edition of A Companion to American Women’s History, edited with Anne M. Valk.

Steven F. Lawson

Steven F. Lawson (Ph.D., Columbia University) is Professor Emeritus of History at Rutgers University. His research interests include U.S. politics since 1945 and the history of the civil rights movement, with a particular focus on black politics and the interplay between civil rights and political culture in the mid-twentieth century. He is the author of many works including Running for Freedom: Civil Rights and Black Politics in America since 1941; Debating the Civil Rights Movement; Black Ballots: Voting Rights in the South, 1944–1969; and In Pursuit of Power: Southern Blacks and Electoral Politics, 1965–1982.

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