Exploring American Histories, Value Edition, Volume 2
A Brief Survey with SourcesFourth Edition ©2022
A diversity of people and perspectives integrated in every chapter
Exploring American Histories brings a variety of perspectives to life. This two-color Value Edition includes the unabridged narrative and all maps and select images from the comprehensive text. ...
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A diversity of people and perspectives integrated in every chapter
Exploring American Histories brings a variety of perspectives to life. This two-color Value Edition includes the unabridged narrative and all maps and select images from the comprehensive text.
Exploring American Histories is available in Achieve, Macmillan’s breakthrough complete course platform, and in print volumes. Achieve for Exploring American Histories provides access to the narrative as well as a wealth of primary sources along with formative and summative assessments and robust insight reports at the ready, all in one accessible product. Achieve offers the easiest way to engage students, help them build historical thinking skills, and tailor teaching to student needs, whether the course is taught online or in person. Achieve can be adopted on its own or in a package with the print book.
“Exploring American Histories strikes the most effective balance between accessible narrative overview and in-depth primary and secondary source analysis that engages with diverse perspectives and nuanced interpretative framing of major patterns of historical cause and effect and change over time, all with built-in scaffolding to encourage and enhance student comprehension and engagement, but without becoming overbearing in frequency or overwhelming in scope.”
-- Trey Welborn, Georgia College & State University“History education in both higher and secondary education is undergoing a considerable paradigm shift away from an exclusive and problematic focus on coverage toward the integration of historical content and historical thinking skills. Exploring American Histories is the strongest textbook available in terms of exposing students to this exciting, integrative approach to studying the past.”
-- Richard Hughes, Illinois State University“Exploring American Histories offers primary source document projects with each of the chapters, thus enabling students to critically analyze materials from the period under consideration. This is the biggest strength of this book. I also find the narrative flows very well and students enjoy the bold key terms to help study for quizzes/exams. The prevalence of primary source documents in the text distinguishes it from others, as most other textbooks require you purchase an additional primary source reader. This is an appealing and useful distinction, especially when textbook costs can be prohibitive for many students.”
-- Melissa Franson, SUNY College at New Paltz
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Table of Contents
The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-14.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-29.
NOTE: Achieve for Exploring American Histories, 4e includes additional activities and assessments for the book content. Along with the interactive e-books for the comprehensive text and the companion source reader, Achieve provides quizzes for the source features in the comprehensive text and the documents in the companion reader, LearningCurve adaptive quizzing, and a variety of autograded exercises that help students develop their historical thinking skills. Many of these resources are set up for quick use in the pre-built courses in Achieve, which can be customized easily, and Achieve also allows instructors to create quiz questions and upload their own documents.
Preface
Versions and Supplements
Maps, Figures, and Tables
How to Use This Book
Chapter 14
Emancipation and Reconstruction, 1863–1877
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
Jefferson Long and Andrew Johnson
Emancipation
African Americans Embrace Freedom
Reuniting Families Torn Apart by Slavery
Freedom to Learn
Freedom to Worship and the Leadership Role of Black Churches
National Reconstruction
Abraham Lincoln Plans for Reunification
Andrew Johnson and Presidential Reconstruction
Johnson and Congressional Resistance
Congressional Reconstruction
The Struggle for Universal Suffrage
Remaking the South
Whites Reconstruct the South
Black Political Participation and Economic Opportunities
White Resistance to Congressional Reconstruction
The Unraveling of Reconstruction
The Republican Retreat
Congressional and Judicial Retreat
The Presidential Compromise of 1876
Conclusion: The Legacies of Reconstruction
Chapter Review
Chapter 15
The West, 1865–1896
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
Annie Oakley and Geronimo
Opening the West
The Great Plains
Federal Policy and Foreign Investment
Indians and Resistance to Expansion
Indian Civilizations
Federal Policy toward Indians before 1870
Reconstruction and Indians
Indian Defeat
Reforming Indian Policy
Indian Assimilation and Resistance
The Mining and Lumber Industries
The Business of Mining
Life in the Mining Towns
The Lumber Boom
The Cattle Industry and Commercial Farming
The Life of the Cowboy
The Rise of Commercial Ranching
Commercial Farming
Women Homesteaders
Farming on the Great Plains
Diversity in the Far West
Mormons
Californios and Mexican Americans
The Chinese
Conclusion: The Ambiguous Legacy of the West
Chapter Review
Chapter 16
Industrial America, 1877–1900
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
Andrew Carnegie and John Sherman
America Industrializes
The New Industrial Economy
Innovation and Inventions
Building a New South
Industrial Consolidation
The Growth of Corporations
Laissez-Faire, Social Darwinism, and Their Critics
The Doctrines of Success
Challenges to Laissez-Faire
Society and Culture in the Gilded Age
Wealthy and Middle-Class Leisure-Time Pursuits
Changing Gender Roles
Black America and Jim Crow
National Politics in the Era of Industrialization
The Weak Presidency
Congressional Inefficiency
The Business of Politics
An Energized and Entertained Electorate
Conclusion: Industrial America
Chapter Review
Chapter 17
Workers and Farmers in the Age of Organization, 1877–1900
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
John McLuckie and Mary Elizabeth Lease
Working People Organize
The Industrialization of Labor
Organizing Unions
Clashes between Workers and Owners
Working-Class Leisure in Industrial America
Farmers Organize
Farmers Unite
Populists Rise Up
The Depression of the 1890s
Depression Politics
Political Realignment in the Election of 1896
The Decline of the Populists
Conclusion: A Passion for Organization
Chapter Review
Chapter 18
Cities, Immigrants, and the Nation, 1880–1914
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
Beryl Lassin and Maria Vik Takacs
A New Wave of Immigrants
Immigrants Arrive from Many Lands
Creating Immigrant Communities
Hostility toward Recent Immigrants
The Assimilation Dilemma
Becoming an Urban Nation
The New Industrial City
Expand Upward and Outward
How the Other Half Lived
Urban Politics at the Turn of the Century
Political Machines and City Bosses
Urban Reformers
Conclusion: A Nation of Cities
Chapter Review
Chapter 19
Progressivism and the Search for Order, 1900–1917
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
Gifford Pinchot and Gene Stratton-Porter
The Roots of Progressivism
Progressive Origins
Muckrakers
Humanitarian and Social Justice Reform
Female Progressives and the Poor
Fighting for Women’s Suffrage
Progressivism and African Americans
Progressivism and Indians
Morality and Social Control
Prohibition
Prostitution, Narcotics, and Juvenile Delinquency
Birth Control
Immigration Restriction
Good Government Progressivism
Municipal and State Reform
Conservation and Preservation of the Environment
Presidential Progressivism
Theodore Roosevelt and the Square Deal
Taft Retreats from Progressivism
The Election of 1912
Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom Agenda
Conclusion: The Progressive Legacy
Chapter Review
Chapter 20
Empire, Wars, and Pandemic, 1898–1919
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
Alfred Thayer Mahan and José Martí
The Awakening of Imperialism
The Economics of Expansion
Cultural Justifications for Imperialism
Gender and Empire
The War with Spain
Revolution in Cuba
The War of 1898
The Pacification of Cuba
The Philippine War
Extending U.S. Imperialism, 1899–1913
Theodore Roosevelt and "Big Stick" Diplomacy
Opening the Door in China
Wilson and American Foreign Policy, 1912–1917
Diplomacy and War
Making the World Safe for Democracy
Fighting the War at Home
Government by Commission
Winning Hearts and Minds
1918-19 Influenza Pandemic
Waging Peace
The Failure of Ratification
Conclusion: A U.S. Empire
Chapter Review
Chapter 21
The Twenties, 1919–1929
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
D. C. Stephenson and Ossian Sweet
Social Turmoil
The Red Scare, 1919–1920
Racial Violence in the Postwar Era
Prosperity, Consumption, and Growth
Government Promotion of the Economy
Americans Become Consumers
Urbanization
Perilous Prosperity
Challenges to Social Conventions
Breaking with the Old Morality
The Harlem Renaissance
Marcus Garvey and Black Nationalism
Culture Wars
Prohibition
Nativists versus Immigrants
Resurrection of the Ku Klux Klan
Fundamentalism versus Modernism
Politics and the Fading of Prosperity
The Battle for the Soul of the Democratic Party
Lingering Progressivism
Financial Crash
Conclusion: The Transitional Twenties
Chapter Review
Chapter 22
Depression, Dissent, and the New Deal, 1929–1940
AMERICAN HISTORIES
Eleanor Roosevelt and Luisa Moreno
The Great Depression
Hoover Faces the Depression
Hoovervilles and Dust Storms
Challenges for Racial Minorities
Families under Strain
Organized Protest
The New Deal
Roosevelt Restores Confidence
Steps toward Recovery
Direct Assistance and Relief
New Deal Critics
The New Deal Moves to the Left
Expanding Relief Measures
Establishing Social Security
Organized Labor Strikes Back
A Half Deal for Racial Minorities
Decline of the New Deal
Conclusion: New Deal Liberalism
Chapter Review
Chapter 23
World War II, 1933–1945
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
J. Robert Oppenheimer and Fred Korematsu
The Road toward War
The Growing Crisis in Europe
The Challenge to Isolationism
The United States Enters the War
The Home-Front Economy
Managing the Wartime Economy
New Opportunities for Women
Everyday Life on the Home Front
Fighting for Equality at Home
The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement
Struggles for Mexican Americans
American Indians
The Ordeal of Japanese Americans
Global War
War in Europe
War in the Pacific
Ending the War
Evidence of the Holocaust
Conclusion: The Impact of World War II
Chapter Review
Chapter 24
The Opening of the Cold War, 1945–1961
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
George Kennan and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
The Origins of the Cold War, 1945–1947
Mutual Misunderstandings
The Truman Doctrine
The Marshall Plan and Economic Containment
The Cold War Hardens, 1948–1953
Military Containment
The Korean War
The Korean War and the Imperial Presidency
Combating Communism at Home, 1945–1954
Loyalty and the Second Red Scare
McCarthyism
The Cold War Expands, 1953 –1961
Nuclear Weapons and Containment
Decolonization
Interventions in the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa
Early Intervention in Vietnam, 1954–1960
Conclusion: The Cold War and Anticommunism
Chapter Review
Chapter 25
Troubled Innocence, 1945–1961
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
Alan Freed and Grace Metalious
Peacetime Transition and the Boom Years
Peacetime Challenges, 1945–1948
Economic Conversion and Labor Discontent
Truman, the New Deal Coalition, and the Election of 1948
Economic Boom
Baby Boom
Changes in Living Patterns
The Culture of the 1950s
The Rise of Television
Wild Ones on the Big Screen
The Influence of Teenage Culture
The Lives of Women
Religious Revival
Beats and Other Nonconformists
The Growth of the Civil Rights Movement
The Rise of the Southern Civil Rights Movement
School Segregation and the Supreme Court
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
White Resistance to Desegregation
The Sit-Ins
Civil Rights Struggles in the North
Civil Rights Struggles in the West
Domestic Politics in the Eisenhower Era
Modern Republicanism
The Election of 1960
Conclusion: Postwar Politics and Culture
Chapter Review
Chapter 26
Liberalism and Its Challengers, 1960–1973
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
Earl Warren and Bayard Rustin
The Politics of Liberalism
Kennedy’s New Frontier
Kennedy, the Cold War, and Cuba
The Civil Rights Movement Intensifies, 1961–1968
Freedom Rides
Kennedy Supports Civil Rights
Freedom Summer and Voting Rights
Civil Rights and Black Power
Federal Efforts toward Social Reform, 1964–1968
The Great Society
The Warren Court
The Vietnam War, 1961–1969
Kennedy’s Intervention in South Vietnam
Johnson Escalates the War in Vietnam
Challenges to the Liberal Establishment
The New Left
The Counterculture
Liberation Movements
The Revival of Conservatism
Conclusion: Liberalism and Its Discontents
Chapter Review
Chapter 27
The Swing toward Conservatism, 1968–1980
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
Pauli Murray and Louise Day Hicks
Nixon: War and Diplomacy, 1969–1974
The Election of 1968
The Failure of Vietnamization
The Cold War Thaws
Crisis in the Middle East and at Home
Nixon and Politics, 1969–1974
Pragmatic Conservatism
The Nixon Landslide and Watergate Scandal, 1972–1974
The Presidency of Jimmy Carter, 1976–1980
Jimmy Carter and the Limits of Affluence
The Perils of Détente
Challenges in the Middle East
The Persistence of Liberalism in the 1970s
Popular Culture
Women’s Movement
Environmentalism
Racial Struggles Continue
Mexican Americans Challenge Discrimination
The New Right Rises
Tax Revolt
Neo-Conservatism
Christian Conservatism
Conclusion: The Swing toward Conservatism
Chapter Review
Chapter 28
The Triumph of Conservatism, the End of the Cold War, and the Rise of the New World Order, 1980–1992
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
George Shultz and Demetria Martinez
The Reagan Revolution
Reagan and Reaganomics
The Implementation of Social Conservatism
Reagan and the End of the Cold War, 1981–1988
"The Evil Empire"
Human Rights and the Fight against Communism
Fighting International Terrorism
The Nuclear Freeze Movement
The Road to Nuclear De-escalation
The Presidency of George H. W. Bush, 1989–1993
"Kinder and Gentler" Conservatism
The Breakup of the Soviet Union
Globalization and the New World Order
Managing Conflict after the Cold War
The 1992 Election
Conclusion: Conservative Ascendancy and the End of the Cold War
Chapter Review
Chapter 29
The Challenges of a Globalized World, 1993 to the present
COMPARING AMERICAN HISTORIES
Bill Gates and Alicia Garza
Transforming American Society
The Computer Revolution
The Changing American Population
Political Polarization and Globalization in the Clinton Years
Politics during the Clinton Administration
Global Challenges
The Presidency of George W. Bush
Bush and Compassionate Conservatism
The Iraq War
Bush’s Second Term
The Challenges Faced by President Barack Obama
The Great Recession
Obama and the Great Recession
The 2010 Revolt Against Obama
Obama’s Second Term
Latinos and Immigration
Asian Americans
African Americans and Institutional Racism
The Native American Struggle Continued
Obama and the World
The Presidency of Donald Trump
The 2016 Election
The Trump Presidency
Pandemic, Protests, and Politics
Conclusion: Technology and Terror in a Global Society
Chapter Review
Authors
Nancy A. Hewitt
Nancy A. Hewitt (Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania) is Professor Emerita of History and of Women’s and Gender Studies at Rutgers University. Her publications include Radical Friend: Amy Kirby Post and Her Activist Worlds, for which she won the SHEAR prize in biography; Women’s Activism and Social Change: Rochester, New York, 1822–1872; Southern Discomfort: Women’s Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s–1920s, and the second edition of A Companion to American Women’s History, edited with Anne M. Valk.
Steven F. Lawson
Steven F. Lawson (Ph.D., Columbia University) is Professor Emeritus of History at Rutgers University. His research interests include U.S. politics since 1945 and the history of the civil rights movement, with a particular focus on black politics and the interplay between civil rights and political culture in the mid-twentieth century. He is the author of many works including Running for Freedom: Civil Rights and Black Politics in America since 1941; Debating the Civil Rights Movement; Black Ballots: Voting Rights in the South, 1944–1969; and In Pursuit of Power: Southern Blacks and Electoral Politics, 1965–1982.
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