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Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction

part 1 Reading and Writing Processes: A Step-by-Step Introduction

Trying Out a Process for Reading and Writing

　　　　Pre-Reading

　　　　During Reading

　　　　Post-Reading

　　　　Responding in Writing

Managing Your Time and Avoiding Procrastination

Setting Personal Goals and Counting Your Strengths

Becoming a College Thinker

Myths about Readers

Active Reading to Improve Comprehension

　　　　Pre-Reading the Text to Increase Comprehension

　　　　[Opinion] Ashley Merryman, "Losing Is Good for You"

　　　　Annotating While You Read to Increase Comprehension

　　　　Post-Reading Strategies to Identify the Main Point and Support

　　　　KWL+ Reading Strategy

Writing a Summary to Demonstrate Comprehension

　　　　Writing a One-Sentence Summary

　　　　Writing a Summary Paragraph

　　　　Summary Checklist 　　　 　　

[Book Excerpt] Misty Copeland, Prologue from Life in Motion: An Unlikely Ballerina

Assignment: Write a One-Paragraph Summary

Chapter Review 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　

What Is Critical Reading?

Making Inferences

Asking Critical Questions

Challenging Assumptions

Taking a Position

Writing a Critical Response Paragraph

Paragraph Assignments for Readings on Success and Happiness

From Paragraph Writing to Essay Writing

What Can Be Gained From Re-Reading?

Revising the Topic Sentence with Your Audience, Topic, and Purpose in Mind

Revising the Supporting Sentences of the Paragraph

　　　　Expanding Your Paragraph

　　　　Making Your Paragraph Unified

Revising the Concluding Sentence

Getting Help with Revision

　　　　Helping Yourself First

　　　　Revising with a Tutor

　　　　Revising with Peers

　　　　Using Instructor Feedback

What Is Editing?

　　　　Editing for Grammar and Mechanics

　　　　Editing for Vocabulary

　　　　Editing for Transitions

Learning Key Concept Words

　　　Building a College Lexicon

　　　Creating a Word Map

Using Context Clues

When and How to Use a Dictionary

Understanding Word Parts to Learn New Words

　　　Prefixes

　　　Roots and Root Words

　　　Suffixes

Understanding Denotation and Connotation

Using a Thesaurus to Improve Word Choice

Using Strong Vocabulary in the Editing Process

Creating Your Own Context for New Words

Topic, Audience, and Purpose in Action

Identifying the Topic, Audience, and Purpose of a Reading

How Tone Connects to Topic, Audience, and Purpose

Evaluating the Writer’s Use of TAP and Tone

Crafting TAP in Your Own Writing 　

What Is a Paragraph?

What Needs to Be in a Paragraph?

Different Types of Paragraphs

The Topic Sentence

　　　[Magazine Article] K. Anders Ericsson et al., "The Making of an Expert"

　　　Identifying Topic Sentences

　　　Writing Strong Topic Sentences

　　　Topic Sentence Checklist

Topic Sentences and Thesis Statement Working Together

　　　Revision Checklist

Paragraph Development

　　　Different Types of Support

　　　Addressing Problems with Paragraph Development

Paragraph Unity

Paragraph Organization

　　　The PIE (Point-Information-Explanation) Approach

　　　The Point and Sub-Point Approach

Mapping a Paragraph

The Thesis Statement

Essay Structure

　　　Comparing Five-Paragraph and Organically Structured Essays

Drafting an Academic Essay

　　　Selecting a Focused Topic, Audience, and Purpose

　　　Generating a Rough Thesis

　　　Making a Scratch Outline

Developing the Body Paragraphs

　　　Developing the Introduction

　　　Developing the Conclusion

　　　Sample Student Essay Draft

Revising Your Essay

　　　Essay Revision Checklist

　　　Sample Student Essay Revision

Editing Your Essay

How to Spark Your Thinking

Focused Prewriting for an Assignment

　　　[Opinion] Elizabeth W. Dunn and Michael Norton, "Hello, Stranger"

　　　Focused Freewriting

　　　Clustering

　　　Listing Evidence and Working Backward to Uncover Points

　　　Making a Commentary Outline

Generating More Ideas During Revision

　　　Re-Reading

　　　Questioning Your Work

How to Decide Which Details Are Important

Mapping for Thesis, Main Points, and Important Information

Evaluating Main Points and Supporting Information

　　　Distinguishing Fact from Opinion

　　　　　 Recognizing Bias

　　　Considering Relevance

　　　Evaluating Credibility

　　　Avoiding Logical Fallacies

Recognizing Trustworthy and Untrustworthy Online Sources

　　　How to Read a Website

　　　Legitimate vs. Fake News

Understanding Visual Sources

　　　Interpreting Visual Sources

　　　Using Visuals in Academic Documents

Finding Key Quotations in a Reading

　　　[Book Excerpt] Mark Twain, From A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court

Paraphrasing

Using Signal Phrases to Integrate Quotations and Paraphrases

Using Quotations to Generate Ideas

The Mechanics of Quotation

Citing Sources

　　　Creating Citations in MLA Style

　　　Creating Parenthetical References in MLA Style

　　　Overview of APA Style

Recognizing Rhetorical Patterns

Using Rhetorical Patterns in Writing

　　　Illustration

Definition

Narration

Process

Comparison and Contrast

Cause and Effect

Problem-Solution

How Do Writers Determine Which Rhetorical Patterns To Use?

Transition Words and Phrases

Using Transition Words and Phrases Effectively

Transition Sentences Between Paragraphs

Locating Transitions in a Reading

Theme Overview

Readings on Cyberbullying

　　　[Infographic] Anti-Defamation League, "Statistics on Bullying"

　　　[Magazine Article] Jane Porter, "Apps of Hate?"

　　　[Blog Post] Justin W. Patchin, "Bullying is Not Just a Kid Problem"

　　　[Trade Publication] Adrienne van der Valk, "There Are No Bullies--Just Children Who Bully And You Can Help Them"

[Trade Publication] Edwin C. Darden, "Courts Join Crackdown on School Bullies" 　

Examining the Readings Together

　　　Discussing the Readings

　　　Identifying Recurring Ideas in Readings on the Theme

Writing Assignments

　　　Paragraph Writing Assignments

　　　Essay Writing Assignments

Theme Overview

Readings on Entrepreneurship

Examining the Readings Together

　　　Discussing the Readings

Identifying Recurring Ideas in Readings on the Theme

Writing Assignments

　　　Paragraph Writing Assignments

　　　Essay Writing Assignments

Theme Overview

Readings on Clothing, Uniforms, and Identity

Examining the Readings Together

　　　Discussing the Readings

　　　Identifying Recurring Ideas in Readings on the Theme

Writing Assignments

　　　Paragraph Writing Assignments

　　　Essay Writing Assignments

Nouns

Pronouns

Adjectives

Verbs

Adverbs

Prepositions

Conjunctions

Interjections

The Subject and Main Verb

Objects

Compound Subjects and Verbs

Phrases 　　　 　　　　　　

　　　Phrases That Describe Only a Noun

　　　Phrases That Act Like Nouns

A Brief Word about Clauses

Strengthening Your Simple Sentences

　　　Strengthen the Subject

　　　Strengthen the Verb

Chapter Review　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Using Coordination to Create Compound Sentences

　　　Punctuating a Compound Sentence

　　　One Common Comma Mistake

Using Subordination to Create Complex Sentences

Using Coordination and Subordination Together: Compound-Complex Sentences

　　　Compound-Complex Sentences

Using the Right Punctuation to End a Sentence

Using the Right Punctuation to Separate Elements within a Sentence

　　　Comma

　　　Semicolon

　　　Colon

　　　Dash

　　　Parentheses

　　　Quotation Marks

Apostrophes

　　　Apostrophes to Show Contraction

　　　Apostrophes to Show Possession

Spelling Patterns and Rules

　　　Silent E

　　　Words That End in Y

　　　Adding –ly

　　　Making Plurals

Commonly Mistaken and Misspelled Words

Capitalization Rules

　　　Rules for Capitalizing Proper Nouns

　　　Rules for Capitalizing Words in Titles

Finding Subjects and Main Verbs

　　　The Process-of-Elimination Strategy

　　　Locate-the-Main-Verb Strategy

　　　Compound Subjects and Compound Verbs

Fragments

　　　Locating Missing Subjects or Verbs and Rewriting Fragments

Fused Sentences: Run-Ons and Comma Splices

Subject-Verb Agreement Errors

　　　Especially Complicated Subjects

Verb Tense Errors

Editing for Correct Verb Usage

Types of Pronouns

Understanding the Pronoun-Antecedent Relationship

Pronoun Reference Errors

Pronoun Agreement Errors

Pronoun Shift Errors

Editing for Pronoun Errors

Chapter Review　　　　　　

Misplaced Modifiers

Dangling Modifiers

Mixed Constructions

Unfocused Sentences

Clichés, Tired Phrases, and Slang

Effective vs. Ineffective Repetition

Wordiness

Authors

Kathleen Green

Kathleen Green is an Associate Professor of English at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California, where she has taught integrated reading and writing courses since 2001. She earned her Ph.D. in English at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and served as Assistant Professor of English at Purdue University-Calumet before moving to California. She has taught a wide variety of courses--including film history, film theory, women's literature, African-American literature, and children's literature--as well as the entire range of English composition courses, from basic skills to developmental to advanced composition. She has published scholarly articles on women's history and popular culture, but prefers working with students just beginning their journeys into higher education. She has served as a faculty tutor in the Pasadena City College Writing Center, has been involved with Writing Across the Curriculum, and has developed online curricula to help students with basic writing and reading skills across many disciplines. Currently, she teaches in the Veterans Learning Collaborative at PCC, a cohort-based program that helps U.S. military veterans make the transition to college learning.

Amy Lawlor

Amy Lawlor is a Professor of English at City College of San Francisco where she has been teaching integrated reading/writing and creative writing since 2008. She earned her M.A. in English as well as a Composition Certificate from San Francisco State University and a Post-Secondary Reading Certificate from Cal State Fullerton. 　In the 15 years that she has been teaching college, she has enjoyed working at a number of Bay Area community colleges as well as Pasadena City College where she was exposed to a wide variety of composition curricula and experience teaching integrated reading/writing, reading, composition, Filipino-American literature, Latino-American literature, and other courses, including learning community courses and writing-across-the-curriculum courses. At Pasadena City College, in addition to teaching composition and literature, she worked as a faculty tutor in the Pasadena City College Writing Center and collaborated with Kathy Green in developing online curricula for reading and writing. She is currently co-lead faculty for one of City College of San Francisco’s accelerated courses and calls curriculum and faculty development her primary professional interests outside the classroom.

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