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Statistics: Concepts and Controversies

Tenth Edition ©2020 David S. Moore; WIlliam I Notz

There are books on statistical theory, and there books on statistical methods. This is neither.

Now available with Macmillan’s online learning platform Achieve, Statistics: Concepts and Controversies (SCC) is a book on statistical ideas and stati...

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Look Inside Look Inside Statistics: Concepts and Controversies by David S. Moore; WIlliam I Notz - Tenth Edition, 2020 from Macmillan Student Store

Statistics as a Liberal Discipline

There are books on statistical theory, and there books on statistical methods. This is neither.

Now available with Macmillan’s online learning platform Achieve, Statistics: Concepts and Controversies (SCC) is a book on statistical ideas and statistical reasoning and on their relevance to public policy and to the human sciences from medicine to sociology. The text includes many elementary graphical and numerical techniques to give flesh to the ideas and muscle to the reasoning. Students learn to  think about data by working with data. We have not, however, allowed technique to dominate concepts. The text’s intention is to teach verbally rather than algebraically, to invite discussion and even argument rather than mere computation, though some computation remains essential. The coverage is considerably broader than one might traditionally cover in a one-term course, as the table of contents reveals. In the spirit of general education, the authors have preferred breadth to detail.

Despite its informal nature, SCC is a textbook. It is organized for systematic study and has abundant exercises, many of which ask students to offer a discussion or make a judgment. Even those admirable individuals who seek pleasure in uncompelled reading should look at the exercises as well as the text. Teachers should be aware that the book is more serious than its low mathematical level suggests. The emphasis on ideas and reasoning asks more of the reader than many recipe-laden methods texts.


Achieve for Statistics: Concepts and Controversies connects the problem-solving approach and real world examples in the book to rich digital resources that foster further understanding and application of statistics. Assets in Achieve support learning before, during, and after class for students, while providing instructors with class performance analytics in an easy-to-use interface.

Features

Achieve Online Homework

  • Over 3,000 homework questions of varying difficulty, Bloom’s level, and question type. Every homework question includes a hint, answer-specific feedback, and a fully worked solution. Question types in Achieve include
    • Multiple choice
    • Ranking
    • Sorting
    • Numeric entry
    • Multi-part questions
    • Questions with algorithmically regenerating values
  • LearningCurve adaptive quizzing puts the concept of "testing to learn" into action, motivating students to engage with the text's content to identify areas of proficiency. Easy-to-use reporting tools help teachers pinpoint areas to focus on in class.
    \
  • A mobile, interactive e-book, powered by VitalSource, allows students to highlight and take notes, print select pages, and have the text read aloud to them.
  • Over 140 StatTutors--multimedia tutorials that explore important concepts and procedures in a presentation that combines video, audio, and interactive features--are assignable, gradeable, and organized by chapter.
  • Applet Activities are visual interactives that allow students to manipulate data and variables in calculations and see the results graphically. Applets also contain assessment questions to test students’ comprehension.
  • Videos provide additional exposure to key concepts and examples. Videos are narrated and close-captioned. Video types include
    • Whiteboard-style problem-solving videos
    • StatTutor video lessons
    • Animated lectures and documentary-style videos that illustrate real world scenarios involving statistics
  • EESEE (Electronic Encyclopedia of Statistical Examples and Exercises) Case Studies, developed by the Ohio State University Statistics Department, teach students to apply their statistical skills by exploring actual case studies using real data.
  • Video Technology Manuals are brief instructional videos that provide basic introductions for working with CrunchIt!, Excel, SPSS, TI-83/84 calculators, JMP, Minitab, R, and RCmdr.

 
Statistical software options

  • CrunchIt!, Macmillan’s proprietary online statistical software powered by R, handles every computation and graphing function an introductory statistics student needs. CrunchIt! is preloaded with data sets, and it allows editing and importing additional data.
  • Students also receive access to JMP Student Edition (developed by SAS). With the student edition of JMP, students handle large data, visualizations, and analysis for which the professional version is renowned. Additionally, text-specific data sets are included for download.
  • For other statistical software, Achieve includes data sets, including those for
    • Excel
    • Minitab
    • R & RCmdr
    • SPSS
    • TI Calculators
    • Mac-text & PC-text
    • CSV file export

New to This Edition

  • Achieve Online Homework. Achieve combines Macmillan’s robust and varied teaching and learning resources with tutorial-style assessment in an easy-to-use interface.
  • Chapter Goals.  Each chapter now opens with a brief list of learning goals to prepare the student for what lies ahead.  At the end of each chapter, we list Chapter Achievements, which reinforce these main concepts the student has now mastered.
  • Statistical Concepts and Controversies Video Series.  A two-part video series that brings the title of the book to life.  Concept videos:  short videos focused on the core learning objective of the given section, aiding students’ understanding of the material.  Controversy Videos:  short 2-3 minute videos diving into the chapter’s Statistical Controversy.
  • Multiple Variables.  The revised GAISE report encourages introductory classes to expose students to multiple variable thinking.  As a result, we decided to include a short subsection in Chapter 14 that gives students some insight into how relationships between several variables can be investigated graphically.
  • Examples and exercises. Over one-third of the examples and exercises are revised to reflect current data and a variety of topics. They cover a wide range of application areas, adding interest and relevance for students. New example and exercise topics include Brexit; determining the mood of the nation; digital media use and ADHD; Android vs. iOS; psychology and the 2016 U.S. election; New Year’s Eve in Times Square; one-bedroom apartment rents; political views of college students; three-point shooting; graduation plans. 
  • Design.  The lively and contemporary design integrates colorful figures, vibrant photos, and a dynamic layout to engage students and enhance their understanding of text material.
  • Case Studies.  At  least  half  the  case  studies  have  been  updated or changed to include more-relevant topics. New topics include a discussion of estimating crowd size (Chapter 9), how the number of Starbucks in a town is related to home prices (Chapter 15), use of social media (Chapter 21), and political party affil-iation and beliefs about freedom of speech (Chapter 24).
  • What’s the Verdict?  This new feature offers a series of questions that challenge students to start applying what they have just learned to evaluate some real issue.  In some ways, students will be mimicking the sort of discussion that occurs in many of the chapter examples.  These will be placed at the ends of selected chapters, but icons will appear in the body of a chapter indicating those questions that students are now equipped to answer.  An ongoing “What’s the Verdict” issue might appear in several places within a given chapter and even span several different chapters.  Real statistical examples involve multiple concepts in SCC, and as students learn new concepts, these can help them come to a fuller understanding of how to assess real examples.

Digital Options

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Table of Contents

Contents

To the Teacher: Statistics as a Liberal Discipline
SaplingPlus for Statistics
Acknowledgments
Prelude: Making Sense of Statistics
Statistics and You: What Lies ahead in This Book
About the Authors

PART I Producing Data
1 Where Do Data Come From?
Case Study: An Online Poll
Talking about Data: Individuals and Variables
Observational Studies
Sample Surveys
Census
Experiments
Chapter 1: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 1 Exercises 

2 Samples, Good and Bad
Case Study: Assessing Polls
How to Sample Badly
Simple Random Samples 
Can You Trust a Sample?
Chapter 2: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 2 Exercises

3 What Do Samples Tell Us?
Case Study: Childhood Vaccinations
From Sample to Population
Sampling Variability
Margin of Error and All That
Confidence Statements
Sampling from Large Populations
Statistical Controversies: Should Election Polls Be Banned?
Chapter 3: Statistics in Summary 
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 3 Exercises

4 Sample Surveys in the Real World
Case Study: Obtaining a Sample for a Survey
How Sample Surveys Go Wrong
Sampling Errors
Nonsampling Errors
Wording Questions
How to Live with Nonsampling Errors 
Sample Design in the Real World 
The Challenge of Internet Surveys
Statistical Controversies: The Harris Online Poll 
Probability Samples 
Questions to Ask Before You Believe a Poll
Chapter 4: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated 
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 4 Exercises
What’s the Verdict?

5 Experiments, Good and Bad
Case Study: Online vs. Traditional Courses 
Talking about Experiments
How to Experiment Badly
Randomized Comparative Experiments
The Logic of Experimental Design
Statistical Significance
How to Live with Observational Studies
Chapter 5: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 5 Exercises
What’s the Verdict?

6 Experiments in the Real World
Case Study: Caffeine Dependence
Equal Treatment for All
Double-Blind Experiments
Refusals, Nonadherers, and Dropouts
Can We Generalize?
Experimental Design in the Real World
Matched Pairs and Block Designs
Statistical Controversies: Is It or Isn’t It a Placebo?
Chapter 6: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 6 Exercises
What’s the Verdict?

7 Data Ethics
Case Study: Marijuana and Driving Performance
First Principles
Institutional Review Boards
Informed Consent
Confidentiality
Clinical Trials
Statistical Controversies: Hope for Sale?
Behavioral and Social Science Experiments
Chapter 7: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 7 Exercises
What’s the Verdict?

8 Measuring
Case Study: Measuring Intelligence
Measurement Basics
Know Your Variables
Measurements, Valid and Invalid
Statistical Controversies: Six-Year Graduation Rates, High School GPA, and Standardized Tests
Measurements, Accurate and Inaccurate
Improving Reliability, Reducing Bias
Measuring Psychological and Social Factors 
Chapter 8: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 8 Exercises

9 Do the Numbers Make Sense?
Case Study: Estimating Crowd Size 
What Didn’t They Tell Us?
Are the Numbers Consistent with Each Other?
Are the Numbers Plausible?
Are the Numbers Too Good to Be True?
Is the Arithmetic Right?
Is There a Hidden Agenda? 
Chapter 9: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 9 Exercises

Part I Review
Part I Summary
Part I Review Exercises

PART II Organizing Data
10 Graphs, Good and Bad
Case Study: Leading Causes of Death
Data Tables
Types of Variables
Pie Charts and Bar Graphs
Beware the Pictogram
Change over Time: Line Graphs
Watch those Scales!
Making Good Graphs
Chapter 10: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 10 Exercises
What’s the Verdict? 

11 Displaying Distributions with Graphs
Case Study: Apartment Rental Prices
Histograms
Interpreting Histograms
Stemplots
Chapter 11: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 11 Exercises

12 Describing Distributions with Numbers
Case Study: Education and Income
Median and Quartiles
The Five-Number Summary and Boxplots
Statistical Controversies: Income Inequality
Mean and Standard Deviation
Choosing Numerical Descriptions
Chapter 12: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 12 Exercises

13 Normal Distributions
Case Study: Applying the Normal Distribution to Data
Density Curves
The Center and Variability of a Density Curve
Normal Distributions
The 68–95–99.7 Rule
Standard Scores
Percentiles of Normal Distributions*
Chapter 13: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 13 Exercises

14 Describing Relationships: Scatterplots and Correlation
Case Study: SAT Scores
Scatterplots
Interpreting Scatterplots
Multiple Variables
Correlation
Understanding Correlation
Chapter 14: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 14 Exercises
What’s the Verdict?

15 Describing Relationships: Regression, Prediction, and Causation
Case Study: Housing Prices
Regression Lines
Regression Equations
Understanding Prediction
Correlation and Regression
The Question of Causation
Statistical Controversies: Gun Control
Evidence for Causation
Correlation, Prediction, and Big Data
Chapter 15: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 15 Exercises
What’s the Verdict?

16 The Consumer Price Index and Government Statistics
Case Study: Who’s the Greatest Basketball Player of All Time?
Index Numbers
Fixed Market Basket Price Indexes
Using the CPI
Understanding the CPI
Statistical Controversies: Does the CPI Overstate Inflation?
The Place of Government Statistics
The Question of Social Statistics
Chapter 16: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 16 Exercises
What’s the Verdict? 

Part II Review
Part II Summary
Part II Review Exercises

PART III Chance
17 Thinking about Chance
Case Study: Shared Birthdays
The Idea of Probability
The Ancient History of Chance
Myths about Chance Behavior
Personal Probabilities
Probability and Risk
Chapter 17: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 17 Exercises

18 Probability Models
Case Study: Super Bowl Probabilities
Probability Models
Probability Rules
Probability and Odds
Probability Models for Sampling
Chapter 18: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 18 Exercises
What’s the Verdict?

19 Simulation
Case Study: Luck or Cheating?
Where Do Probabilities Come From?
Simulation Basics
Thinking about Independence
More Elaborate Simulations
Chapter 19: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 19 Exercises

20 The House Edge: Expected Values
Case Study: Better Betting?
Expected Values
The Law of Large Numbers
Thinking about Expected Values
Statistical Controversies: The State of Legalized Gambling
Finding Expected Values by Simulation
Chapter 20: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 20 Exercises
What’s the Verdict?

Part III Review
Part III Summary
Part III Review Exercises

PART IV Inference
21 What Is a Confidence Interval?
Case Study: Social Media Use
Estimating
Estimating with Confidence
Understanding Confidence Intervals
More on Confidence Intervals for a Population Proportion∗
The Sampling Distribution of a Sample Mean∗
Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean*
Chapter 21: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 21 Exercises

22 What Is a Test of Significance?
Case Study: Political Views
The Reasoning of Statistical Tests of Significance
Hypotheses and P-values
Statistical Significance
Calculating P-values∗
Tests for a Population Mean∗
Chapter 22: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 22 Exercises

23 Use and Abuse of Statistical Inference
Case Study: Boys and Breakfast Ceral
Using Inference Wisely
The Woes of Significance Tests
The Advantages of Confidence Intervals
Significance at the 5% Level Isn’t Magical
Statistical Controversies: Should Hypothesis Tests Be Banned?
Beware of Searching for Significance
Inference as Decision*
Chapter 23: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 23 Exercises
What’s the Verdict?

24 Two-Way Tables and the Chi-Square Test∗
Case Study: Freedom of Speech and Political Beliefs
Two-Way Tables
Inference for a Two-Way Table
The Chi-Square Test
Using the Chi-Square Test
Simpson’s Paradox
Chapter 24: Statistics in Summary
Link It
Case Study Evaluated
Macmillan Learning Online Resources
Check the Basics
Chapter 24 Exercises

Part IV Review
Part IV Summary
Part IV Review Exercises

Solutions to Now It’s Your Turn Exercises
Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises
Resolving the Controversy
Index
Table A Random digits
Table B Percentiles of the Normal distributions

Available online at www.macmillanlearning.com/scc10e:
Notes and Data Sources

David S. Moore

David S. Moore is Shanti S. Gupta Distinguished Professor of Statistics, Emeritus, at Purdue University and was 1998 president of the American Statistical Association. He received his AB from Princeton and his PhD from Cornell, both in mathematics. He has written many research papers in statistical theory and served on the editorial boards of several major journals. Professor Moore is an elected fellow of the American Statistical Association and of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and an elected member of the International Statistical Institute. He has served as program director for statistics and probability at the National Science Foundation.

In recent years, Professor Moore has devoted his attention to the teaching of statistics. He was the content developer for the Annenberg/Corporation for Public Broadcasting college-level telecourse Against All Odds: Inside Statistics and for the series of video modules Statistics: Decisions through Data, intended to aid the teaching of statistics in schools. He is the author of influential articles on statistics education and of several leading texts. Professor Moore has served as president of the International Association for Statistical Education and has received the Mathematical Association of America’s national award for distinguished college or university teaching of mathematics.

William I. Notz

William I. Notz is Professor of Statistics at the Ohio State University. He received his B.S. in physics from the Johns Hopkins University and his Ph.D. in mathematics from Cornell University. His first academic job was as an assistant professor in the Department of Statistics at Purdue University. While there, he taught the introductory concepts course with Professor Moore and as a result of this experience he developed an interest in statistical education. Professor Notz is a co-author of EESEE (the Electronic Encyclopedia of Statistical Examples and Exercises) and co-author of Statistics: Concepts and Controversies.
Professor Notz’s research interests have focused on experimental design and computer experiments. He is the author of several research papers and of a book on the design and analysis of computer experiments. He is an elected fellow of the American Statistical Association. He has served as the editor of the journal Technometrics and as editor of the Journal of Statistics Education. He has served as the Director of the Statistical Consulting Service, as acting chair of the Department of Statistics for a year, and as an Associate Dean in the College of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the Ohio State University. He is a winner of the Ohio State University’s Alumni Distinguished Teaching Award.

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David S. Moore; WIlliam I Notz | Tenth Edition | ©2020 | ISBN:9781319282134

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