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Table of Contents

Preface for Instructors

Contents

Special Features

Introduction for Students

Constitutionalizing Women’s Rights

A New Departure for Woman Suffrage

Black Women in the New South

White Women in the New South

Racial Conflict in Slavery’s Aftermath

Reading into the Past: Mary Tape, What Right Have You? (1855)

Women’s Occupations after the Civil War

Who Were the Women Wage Earners?

Responses to Working Women

Class Conflict and Labor Organization

Reading into the Past: Leonora Barry, Women in the Knights of Labor

New Sources of Wealth and Leisure

The "Woman’s Era"

The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union

Consolidating the Gilded Age Women’s Movement

Looking to the Future

Reading into the Past: Harriot Stanton Blatch, Voluntary Motherhood

Ida B. Wells with the Family of Thomas Moore (1892)

Ida B. Wells, Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells (1970)

Mrs. John (Bessie) Van Vorst and Marie Van Vorst, The Woman Who Toils: Being the Experiences of Two Ladies as Factory Girls (1903)

Women Students Modeling Senior Plugs, University of California (c. 1900)

Class in Zoology, Wellesley College (1883–1884)

Basketball Team, Wells College (1904)

Class in American History, Hampton Institute (1899–1900)

Science Class, Washington, D.C., Normal College (1899)

Graduating Class, Medical College of Syracuse University (1876)

What We Are Coming To (1898)

In a Twentieth Century Club (1895)

Picturesque America (1900)

The Scorcher (1897)

Nellie Bly, on the Fly (1890)

Women Bachelors in New York (1896)

Native Women in the West

Colonial Settler Families in the West

The "Wild West"

The Decision to Immigrate

The Immigrant’s Journey

Reception of the Immigrants

Immigrant Daughters

Immigrant Wives and Mothers

Reading into the Past: Emma Goldman, Living My Life

Rural Protest, Populism, and the Battle for Woman Suffrage

Class Conflict and the Pullman Strike of 1894

The Settlement House Movement

Epilogue to the Crisis: The Spanish-American War of 1898

Reading into the Past: Clemencia Lopez, Women of the Philippines

Angel DeCora, Grey Wolf’s Daughter (1899)

Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, Life Among the Piutes (1883)

Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, From Silver Slate (July 9, 1886)

Twenty Years at Hull House (1910)

In the Home of an Italian Ragpicker: Jersey Street

Knee Pants at Forty-Five Cents a Dozen — A Ludlow Street Sweater’s Shop

Police Station Lodgers: Women’s Lodging Room in the West 47th Street Station

"I Scrubs": Katie Who Keeps House on West 49th Street

Continuity and Change for Women Wage Earners

Organizing Women Workers: The Women’s Trade Union League

The Rising of the Women

Public Housekeeping

Maternalist Triumphs: Protective Labor Legislation and Mothers’ Pensions

Maternalist Defeat: The Struggle to Ban Child Labor

Progressive Women and Political Parties

Outside the Dominion: Progressivism and Race

Reading into the Past: Margaret Sanger, Woman and Birth Control

Pacifist and Antiwar Women

Preparedness and Patriotism

The Great Migration

Winning Woman Suffrage

Reading into the Past: African American Women Write about the Great Migration

Lugenia Burns Hope, The Neighborhood Union: Atlanta Georgia (c. 1908)

Ida B. Wells-Barnett, The East St. Louis Massacre: The Greatest Outrage of the Century (1917)

City Colored Women’s Clubs of Augusta, Georgia, Resolution on Lynching (1918)

Nannie Burroughs, Black Women and the Suffrage (1915)

Mary Church Terrell, A Colored Woman in a White World (1940)

"Girl Strikers," New York Evening Journal (November 10, 1909)

Members of the Rochester, New York, Branch of the Garment Workers Union (1913)

Suffragists Marching down Fifth Avenue, New York City (1913)

Suffrage Parade down Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. (March 1913)

National Woman’s Party Picketers at the White House (1917)

Protest against the East St. Louis Riots, New York City (1917)

"Let’s End It — Quick with Liberty Bonds"

"It’s Up to You. Protect the Nation’s Honor. Enlist Now."

"Gee!! I Wish I Were a Man. I’d Join the Navy."

"The Woman’s Land Army of America Training School"

"For Every Fighter a Woman Worker. Y.W.C.A."

Edna Kenton Says Feminism Will Give Men More Fun, Women Greater Scope, Children Better Parents, Life More Charm (1914)

Inez Milholland, The Changing Home (1913)

Crystal Eastman, Birth Control in the Feminism Program (1918)

The New Woman in Politics

Women at Work

The New Woman in the Home

At Home in Hard Times

Women and Work

Women’s New Deal

Reading into the Past: Mary McLeod Bethune, Letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1940)

Reading into the Past: Genora Johnson Dollinger Recalls the Flint Strike 1936–37 General Motors Sit-down Strike (1937)

Women in the Military

Working Women in Wartime

War and Everyday Life

The Anti-Lynching Crusaders (1922)

"One Million Women are Working Like Trojans to Stop Lynching in the U.S.A." (1922)

The Shame of America (1922)

"American Women Urged to Vote for State Protection of Motherhood" (1920)

The Spider Web Chart (1920s)

"Women Patriots Protest the Sheppard-Towner Act" (1926)

"Organized Manufacturers vs. Organized Women" (1925)

"Can you tell us her name?" (1926)

"Irresistible" (1938)

"You Were Never Lovelier" (1942)

"Glorifying Our Womanhood" (1925)

"Queen of Blues Singers" (1923)

Migrant Mother #1 (1936)

Migrant Mother #3 (1936)

Migrant Mother #5 (1936)

Unemployed lumber worker goes with his wife to the bean harvest (1939)

"You don’t have to worriate so much and you’ve got time to raise sompin’ to eat" (1938)

Cotton Weighing near Brownsville, Texas (1936)

Sign of the Times — Depression — Mended Stockings, Stenographer (1934)

Feet of Negro Cotton Hoer near Clarksdale, Mississippi (1937)

"The more women at work the sooner we win!" (1943)

Hortense Johnson, What My Job Means to Me (1943)

Beatrice Morales, Oral Interview (1981)

Sylvia R. Weissbordt, U.S. Women’s Bureau, Women Workers and Their Postwar Employment Plans (1946)

The New Affluence and the Family

The Cold War and the Family

Rethinking the Feminine Mystique

Women and Work

Working-Class Women and Unions

Middle-Class Women and Voluntary Associations

Challenging Segregation

Women as "Bridge Leaders"

Voter Registration and Freedom Summer

Sexism in the Movement

A Widening Circle of Civil Rights Activists

Reading into the Past: Casey Hayden and Mary King, Women in the Movement

The Continuing Battle over the ERA

A Turning Point: The President’s Commission on the Status of Women

Reading into the Past: Esther Peterson on The President’s Commission on the Status of Women (1977)

Advertisement for Motorola Television (1951)

Advertisement for RCA Victor Television (1953)

Advertisement for General Electric Television (1955)

Ladies’ Home Journal Advertisement for NBC (1955)

Advertisement for Betty Crocker (1957)

Scene from Beulah

Scene from Amos ’n’ Andy

Scene from The Goldbergs

Scene from The Honeymooners

Scenes from I Love Lucy

Scene from Father Knows Best

Should Mothers of Young Children Work? (1958)

Rose Parks at a Desegregation Workshop (1955)

Elizabeth Eckford attends Little Rock High School (1957)

Diane Nash on the Lunch Counter Sit-ins of 1960

Vivian Leburg Rothstein on Freedom Summer (1999)

Mary Dora Jones on Freedom Summer (1977)

Earline Boyd on Freedom Summer (1991)

The Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement

NOW and Liberal Feminism

Reading into the Past: National Organization for Women, Women’s Bill of Rights

Sexual Revolution and Counterculture

Black Power and SNCC

The War in Vietnam and SDS

Consciousness-Raising

Lesbianism and Sexual Politics

Radical Feminist Theory

African American Women

Latina Activism

Asian American Women

Native American Women

Women of Color

Reading into the Past: Jean Horan on Forced Sterilization of Poor Women (1977)

Challenging Discrimination in the Workplace

Equality in Education

Women’s Autonomy over Their Bodies

Women in Party Politics

The Reemergence of the ERA

Feminism Enters the Mainstream

Flight Attendants Protest Discriminatory Practices (1974)

AT&T Advertises for Telephone Operators

AT&T Promotes Women Installers

Women in the Coal Mines

New York City Firefighters

The Willmar Eight

Rabbi Sally Preisand

"Hire him. He’s got great legs."

"This healthy, normal baby has a handicap. She was born female."

"When I grow up, I’m going to be a judge, or a senator or maybe president."

Jo Freeman, What in the Hell Is Women’s Liberation Anyway? (1968)

Third World Women’s Alliance, Statement (1971)

Mirta Vidal, New Voice of La Raza: Chicanas Speak Out (1971)

Bread and Roses, Outreach Leaflet (1970)

Dana Densmore, Who Is Saying Men Are the Enemy? (1970)

Radicalesbians, The Woman Identified Woman (1970)

Anne Koedt, The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm (1970)

Pat Mainardi, The Politics of Housework (1970)

The STOP-ERA Campaign

The Abortion Wars

Antifeminism Diffuses through the Culture

Reading into the Past: Phyllis Schlafly, What’s Wrong with "Equal Rights" for Women?

Third-Wave Feminism

Women Stand Up to Violence

Ecofeminism

Peace Activism

Reading into the Past: LaDonna Brave Bull Allard on Standing Rock

The 1980s: Carter and Reagan

Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas

The Clinton Years

George W. Bush

The Election of 2008: A Historic Presidential Choice

The Obama Years

The Long War on Terror

The Election of 2016

Reading into the Past: Ihan Omar, First Muslim Somali-American Lawmaker (2016)

Inequalities — Old and New — in the Labor Force

Combating Discrimination

Changing Marriage Patterns

Parenting

Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights

Women and the New Immigration

"We don’t promise you a rose garden either" (1999)

Shirley Sagawa and Nancy Duff Campbell, Women in Combat (1992)

Kristin Beck (2013)

Inspector General, Department of Defense, Tailhook ’91 (1992)

Tracy Moore, Review of Hero Mom (2013)

Major Margaret Witt Gets Married (2012)

Authors

Ellen Carol DuBois

ELLEN CAROL DUBOIS (Ph.D. Northwestern University) is Distinguished Professor of History and Gender Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author of Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women’s Movement in America, 1848–1869; Harriot Stanton Blatch and the Winning of Woman Suffrage (winner of the 1998 Joan Kelly Memorial Prize in Women’s History from the American Historical Association); and Woman Suffrage and Women’s Rights. With Vicki L. Ruiz she is coeditor of the influential anthology Unequal Sisters: A Multicultural Reader in U.S. Women’s History. With Vinay Lal, she is co-author of the forthcoming The Many Worlds of Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay. DuBois’s current women’s history work focuses on international feminist politics in the interwar years.

Lynn Dumenil

LYNN DUMENIL (Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley) is Robert Glass Cleland Professor of American History, Emerita, at Occidental College. She has written The Modern Temper: American Culture and Society in the 1920s and Freemasonry and American Culture: 1880–1930. She is editor in chief of the Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History. Her articles and reviews have appeared in the Journal of American History, the Journal of American Ethnic History, Reviews in American History, and the American Historical Review. Dumenil’s current book project focuses on women, World War I, and the emergence of modern culture.

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