Through Women's Eyes, Volume 2
An American History with DocumentsFifth Edition ©2019
Through Women’s Eyes: An American History with Documents was the first text to present a narrative of U.S. women’s history within the context of the central developments of the United States and to combine this core narrative with written and visual primary sources in each chapter. The a...
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Through Women’s Eyes: An American History with Documents was the first text to present a narrative of U.S. women’s history within the context of the central developments of the United States and to combine this core narrative with written and visual primary sources in each chapter. The authors’ commitment to highlighting the best and most current scholarship, along with their focus on women from a broad range of ethnicities, classes, religions, and regions, has helped students really understand U.S. history Through Women’s Eyes.
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“This is a comprehensive and excellent textbook that attempts to illuminate the nuances and ironies in U.S. women's history, rather than just set forth a straightforward narrative. “
— Louise Newman, University of Florida“By emphasizing the experiences of different ethnic groups and class groups, the authors make the point that women are intricately involved in all aspects of history.”
— Renee LaFleur, University of Tennessee at Martin“As someone who likes to center student discussion, the primary source visual essay sections are great for in-class reading activities and discussion.”
— Georgina Montgomery, Michigan State University“I would describe Through Women's Eyes as the single best textbook in US women's history. It is a quantum leap over its predecessors in synthesizing around clear themes a generation of scholarship.”
— Susan Gray, Arizona State University
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Table of Contents
Preface for Instructors
Contents
Special Features
Introduction for Students
Chapter 6: Reconstructing Women’s Lives North and South, 1865–1900
Gender and the Postwar Constitutional Amendments
Constitutionalizing Women’s Rights
A New Departure for Woman Suffrage
Women’s Lives in Southern Reconstruction and Redemption
Black Women in the New South
White Women in the New South
Racial Conflict in Slavery’s Aftermath
Reading into the Past: Mary Tape, What Right Have You? (1855)
Female Wage Labor and the Triumph of Industrial Capitalism
Women’s Occupations after the Civil War
Who Were the Women Wage Earners?
Responses to Working Women
Class Conflict and Labor Organization
Reading into the Past: Leonora Barry, Women in the Knights of Labor
Women of the Leisured Classes
New Sources of Wealth and Leisure
The "Woman’s Era"
The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
Consolidating the Gilded Age Women’s Movement
Looking to the Future
Reading into the Past: Harriot Stanton Blatch, Voluntary Motherhood
Conclusion: Toward a New Womanhood
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Ida B. Wells, "Race Woman"
Ida B. Wells with the Family of Thomas Moore (1892)
Ida B. Wells, Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells (1970)
PRIMARY SOURCES: The Woman Who Toils
Mrs. John (Bessie) Van Vorst and Marie Van Vorst, The Woman Who Toils: Being the Experiences of Two Ladies as Factory Girls (1903)
PRIMARY SOURCES: The Higher Education of Women in the Postbellum Years
Women Students Modeling Senior Plugs, University of California (c. 1900)
Class in Zoology, Wellesley College (1883–1884)
Basketball Team, Wells College (1904)
Class in American History, Hampton Institute (1899–1900)
Science Class, Washington, D.C., Normal College (1899)
Graduating Class, Medical College of Syracuse University (1876)
PRIMARY SOURCES: The New Woman
What We Are Coming To (1898)
In a Twentieth Century Club (1895)
Picturesque America (1900)
The Scorcher (1897)
Nellie Bly, on the Fly (1890)
Women Bachelors in New York (1896)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 7: Women in an Expanding Nation: Consolidation of the West, Mass Immigration, and the Crisis of the 1890s
Consolidating the West
Native Women in the West
Colonial Settler Families in the West
The "Wild West"
Late Nineteenth-Century Immigration
The Decision to Immigrate
The Immigrant’s Journey
Reception of the Immigrants
Immigrant Daughters
Immigrant Wives and Mothers
Reading into the Past: Emma Goldman, Living My Life
Century’s End: Challenges, Conflict, and Imperial Ventures
Rural Protest, Populism, and the Battle for Woman Suffrage
Class Conflict and the Pullman Strike of 1894
The Settlement House Movement
Epilogue to the Crisis: The Spanish-American War of 1898
Reading into the Past: Clemencia Lopez, Women of the Philippines
Conclusion: Nationhood and Womanhood on the Eve of a New Century
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Representing Native American Women in the Late Nineteenth Century
Indian Sledge Journey (1875)
Hopi Potter Nampeyo (1900)
Pueblo Women Greet Tourists (1902)
Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (1898)
Angel DeCora, Grey Wolf’s Daughter (1899)
Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, Life Among the Piutes (1883)
Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, From Silver Slate (July 9, 1886)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull House
Twenty Years at Hull House (1910)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Jacob Riis’s Photographs of Immigrant Girls and Women
In the Home of an Italian Ragpicker: Jersey Street
Knee Pants at Forty-Five Cents a Dozen — A Ludlow Street Sweater’s Shop
Police Station Lodgers: Women’s Lodging Room in the West 47th Street Station
"I Scrubs": Katie Who Keeps House on West 49th Street
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 8: Power and Politics: Women in the Progressive Era, 1900–1920
The Female Labor Force
Continuity and Change for Women Wage Earners
Organizing Women Workers: The Women’s Trade Union League
The Rising of the Women
The Female Dominion
Public Housekeeping
Maternalist Triumphs: Protective Labor Legislation and Mothers’ Pensions
Maternalist Defeat: The Struggle to Ban Child Labor
Progressive Women and Political Parties
Outside the Dominion: Progressivism and Race
Votes for Women
A New Generation for Suffrage
Diversity in the Woman Suffrage Movement
Returning to the Constitution: The National Suffrage Movement
The Emergence of Feminism
The Feminist Program
The Birth Control Movement
Reading into the Past: Margaret Sanger, Woman and Birth Control
The Great War, 1914–1918
Pacifist and Antiwar Women
Preparedness and Patriotism
The Great Migration
Winning Woman Suffrage
Reading into the Past: African American Women Write about the Great Migration
Conclusion: New Conditions, New Challenges
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Black Women and Progressive-Era Reform
Lugenia Burns Hope, The Neighborhood Union: Atlanta Georgia (c. 1908)
Ida B. Wells-Barnett, The East St. Louis Massacre: The Greatest Outrage of the Century (1917)
City Colored Women’s Clubs of Augusta, Georgia, Resolution on Lynching (1918)
Nannie Burroughs, Black Women and the Suffrage (1915)
Mary Church Terrell, A Colored Woman in a White World (1940)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Parades, Picketing, and Power: Women in Public Space
"Girl Strikers," New York Evening Journal (November 10, 1909)
Members of the Rochester, New York, Branch of the Garment Workers Union (1913)
Suffragists Marching down Fifth Avenue, New York City (1913)
Suffrage Parade down Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. (March 1913)
National Woman’s Party Picketers at the White House (1917)
Protest against the East St. Louis Riots, New York City (1917)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Uncle Sam Wants You: Women and World War I Posters
"Let’s End It — Quick with Liberty Bonds"
"It’s Up to You. Protect the Nation’s Honor. Enlist Now."
"Gee!! I Wish I Were a Man. I’d Join the Navy."
"The Woman’s Land Army of America Training School"
"For Every Fighter a Woman Worker. Y.W.C.A."
PRIMARY SOURCES: Modernizing Womanhood
Edna Kenton Says Feminism Will Give Men More Fun, Women Greater Scope, Children Better Parents, Life More Charm (1914)
Inez Milholland, The Changing Home (1913)
Crystal Eastman, Birth Control in the Feminism Program (1918)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 9: Change and Continuity: Women in Prosperity, Depression, and War, 1920–1945
Prosperity Decade: The 1920s
The New Woman in Politics
Women at Work
The New Woman in the Home
Depression Decade: The 1930s
At Home in Hard Times
Women and Work
Women’s New Deal
Reading into the Past: Mary McLeod Bethune, Letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1940)
Reading into the Past: Genora Johnson Dollinger Recalls the Flint Strike 1936–37 General Motors Sit-down Strike (1937)
Working for Victory: Women and War, 1941–1945
Women in the Military
Working Women in Wartime
War and Everyday Life
Conclusion: The New Woman in Ideal and Reality
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women’s Lobbying in the 1920s
The Anti-Lynching Crusaders (1922)
"One Million Women are Working Like Trojans to Stop Lynching in the U.S.A." (1922)
The Shame of America (1922)
"American Women Urged to Vote for State Protection of Motherhood" (1920)
The Spider Web Chart (1920s)
"Women Patriots Protest the Sheppard-Towner Act" (1926)
"Organized Manufacturers vs. Organized Women" (1925)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Beauty Culture between the Wars
"Can you tell us her name?" (1926)
"Irresistible" (1938)
"You Were Never Lovelier" (1942)
"Glorifying Our Womanhood" (1925)
"Queen of Blues Singers" (1923)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Dorothea Lange Photographs Farm Women of the Great Depression
Migrant Mother #1 (1936)
Migrant Mother #3 (1936)
Migrant Mother #5 (1936)
Unemployed lumber worker goes with his wife to the bean harvest (1939)
"You don’t have to worriate so much and you’ve got time to raise sompin’ to eat" (1938)
Cotton Weighing near Brownsville, Texas (1936)
Sign of the Times — Depression — Mended Stockings, Stenographer (1934)
Feet of Negro Cotton Hoer near Clarksdale, Mississippi (1937)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Voices of "Rosie the Riveter"
"The more women at work the sooner we win!" (1943)
Hortense Johnson, What My Job Means to Me (1943)
Beatrice Morales, Oral Interview (1981)
Sylvia R. Weissbordt, U.S. Women’s Bureau, Women Workers and Their Postwar Employment Plans (1946)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 10: Beyond the Feminine Mystique: Women’s Lives, 1945–1965
Family Culture and Gender Roles
The New Affluence and the Family
The Cold War and the Family
Rethinking the Feminine Mystique
Women and Work
Women’s Activism in Conservative Times
Working-Class Women and Unions
Middle-Class Women and Voluntary Associations
A Mass Movement for Civil Rights
Challenging Segregation
Women as "Bridge Leaders"
Voter Registration and Freedom Summer
Sexism in the Movement
A Widening Circle of Civil Rights Activists
Reading into the Past: Casey Hayden and Mary King, Women in the Movement
Women and Public Policy
The Continuing Battle over the ERA
A Turning Point: The President’s Commission on the Status of Women
Reading into the Past: Esther Peterson on The President’s Commission on the Status of Women (1977)
Conclusion: The Limits of the Feminine Mystique
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Television’s Prescriptions for Women
Advertisement for Motorola Television (1951)
Advertisement for RCA Victor Television (1953)
Advertisement for General Electric Television (1955)
Ladies’ Home Journal Advertisement for NBC (1955)
Advertisement for Betty Crocker (1957)
Scene from Beulah
Scene from Amos ’n’ Andy
Scene from The Goldbergs
Scene from The Honeymooners
Scenes from I Love Lucy
Scene from Father Knows Best
PRIMARY SOURCES: "Is a Working Mother a Threat to the Home?"
Should Mothers of Young Children Work? (1958)
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women in the Civil Rights Movement
Rose Parks at a Desegregation Workshop (1955)
Elizabeth Eckford attends Little Rock High School (1957)
Diane Nash on the Lunch Counter Sit-ins of 1960
Vivian Leburg Rothstein on Freedom Summer (1999)
Mary Dora Jones on Freedom Summer (1977)
Earline Boyd on Freedom Summer (1991)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 11: Modern Feminism and American Society, 1965–1980
Roots of Sixties Feminism
The Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement
NOW and Liberal Feminism
Reading into the Past: National Organization for Women, Women’s Bill of Rights
Women’s Liberation and the Sixties Revolutions
Sexual Revolution and Counterculture
Black Power and SNCC
The War in Vietnam and SDS
Ideas and Practices of Women’s Liberation
Consciousness-Raising
Lesbianism and Sexual Politics
Radical Feminist Theory
Diversity, Race, and Feminism
African American Women
Latina Activism
Asian American Women
Native American Women
Women of Color
Reading into the Past: Jean Horan on Forced Sterilization of Poor Women (1977)
The Impact of Feminism
Challenging Discrimination in the Workplace
Equality in Education
Women’s Autonomy over Their Bodies
Changing Public Policy and Public Consciousness
Women in Party Politics
The Reemergence of the ERA
Feminism Enters the Mainstream
Conclusion: Feminism’s Legacy
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Feminism and the Drive for Equality in the Workplace
Flight Attendants Protest Discriminatory Practices (1974)
AT&T Advertises for Telephone Operators
AT&T Promotes Women Installers
Women in the Coal Mines
New York City Firefighters
The Willmar Eight
Rabbi Sally Preisand
"Hire him. He’s got great legs."
"This healthy, normal baby has a handicap. She was born female."
"When I grow up, I’m going to be a judge, or a senator or maybe president."
PRIMARY SOURCES: Women’s Liberation
Jo Freeman, What in the Hell Is Women’s Liberation Anyway? (1968)
Third World Women’s Alliance, Statement (1971)
Mirta Vidal, New Voice of La Raza: Chicanas Speak Out (1971)
Bread and Roses, Outreach Leaflet (1970)
Dana Densmore, Who Is Saying Men Are the Enemy? (1970)
Radicalesbians, The Woman Identified Woman (1970)
Anne Koedt, The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm (1970)
Pat Mainardi, The Politics of Housework (1970)
Notes
Suggested References
Chapter 12: U.S. Women in a Global Age, 1980–Present
Feminism and the New Right
The STOP-ERA Campaign
The Abortion Wars
Antifeminism Diffuses through the Culture
Reading into the Past: Phyllis Schlafly, What’s Wrong with "Equal Rights" for Women?
Feminism after the Second Wave
Third-Wave Feminism
Women Stand Up to Violence
Ecofeminism
Peace Activism
Reading into the Past: LaDonna Brave Bull Allard on Standing Rock
Women and Politics
The 1980s: Carter and Reagan
Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas
The Clinton Years
George W. Bush
The Election of 2008: A Historic Presidential Choice
The Obama Years
The Long War on Terror
The Election of 2016
Reading into the Past: Ihan Omar, First Muslim Somali-American Lawmaker (2016)
Women’s Lives in Modern America and the World
Inequalities — Old and New — in the Labor Force
Combating Discrimination
Changes in Family and Sexuality
Changing Marriage Patterns
Parenting
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights
Women and the New Immigration
Conclusion: Women in the Twenty-First Century
Chapter Review
PRIMARY SOURCES: Gender and the Military
"We don’t promise you a rose garden either" (1999)
Shirley Sagawa and Nancy Duff Campbell, Women in Combat (1992)
Kristin Beck (2013)
Inspector General, Department of Defense, Tailhook ’91 (1992)
Tracy Moore, Review of Hero Mom (2013)
Major Margaret Witt Gets Married (2012)
Notes
Suggested References
Index
Authors
Ellen Carol DuBois
ELLEN CAROL DUBOIS (Ph.D. Northwestern University) is Distinguished Professor of History and Gender Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author of Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women’s Movement in America, 1848–1869; Harriot Stanton Blatch and the Winning of Woman Suffrage (winner of the 1998 Joan Kelly Memorial Prize in Women’s History from the American Historical Association); and Woman Suffrage and Women’s Rights. With Vicki L. Ruiz she is coeditor of the influential anthology Unequal Sisters: A Multicultural Reader in U.S. Women’s History. With Vinay Lal, she is co-author of the forthcoming The Many Worlds of Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay. DuBois’s current women’s history work focuses on international feminist politics in the interwar years.
Lynn Dumenil
LYNN DUMENIL (Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley) is Robert Glass Cleland Professor of American History, Emerita, at Occidental College. She has written The Modern Temper: American Culture and Society in the 1920s and Freemasonry and American Culture: 1880–1930. She is editor in chief of the Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History. Her articles and reviews have appeared in the Journal of American History, the Journal of American Ethnic History, Reviews in American History, and the American Historical Review. Dumenil’s current book project focuses on women, World War I, and the emergence of modern culture.
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